Most people have the impression that urinary stones are a minor problem, at most they are painful and have to be injected with painkillers; they do not cause damage to one or both kidneys or even acute kidney failure. This is a misconception. Although ureteral stones are small, they can cause renal colic, recurrent urinary tract infections, urinary tract obstruction and even anuria; if ureteral stones are not treated, polyps will grow around them, leading to ureteral stenosis, further aggravating hydronephrosis and affecting kidney function. Urinary stones such as pelvic stones and ureteral stones used to be treated by surgery or extracorporeal shock wave; open surgery is very traumatic and the stones are prone to recurrence, making it more difficult to operate again. At present, minimally invasive treatment has become the main means of urinary stone treatment, including percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stone extraction and ureteroscopy for stone extraction; open surgery for stone extraction is becoming less and less common, thanks to the development of science and technology, the improvement of minimally invasive surgical instruments, and the continuous accumulation of treatment experience, which allows more and more patients to benefit from minimally invasive treatment; minimally invasive treatment can be applied multiple times. Is minimally invasive treatment of urinary stones really less risky? Urinary stones are often due to repeated infections, and bacteria are still hidden in the renal pelvis, ureter, and other parts of the stone. Although active anti-infection treatment is given before surgery, and urine routine and culture tests are normal, minimally invasive treatment may also lead to hidden bacteria entering the bloodstream and causing systemic infection, sepsis, shock, and even death. Minimally invasive treatment such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy and lithotripsy, although only a small hole can be seen on the skin of the waist, hematuria and perirenal hematoma may occur after the kidney puncture, and in serious cases, interventional treatment is needed to embolize the bleeding blood vessel, or even to remove the bleeding vessel. In severe cases, the diseased kidney has to be removed.