A father who has hepatitis B will not usually infect his child with hepatitis B. This is because the father’s hepatitis B virus does not enter his own reproductive cells, i.e. sperm, which do not contain hepatitis B, and will not directly infect the child with hepatitis B. In the case of a father giving his child hepatitis B, it is mainly through indirect means, such as transmission from the father to the mother, through pregnancy and childbirth, or transmission of the hepatitis B virus from the father to the child through intimate contact after the child is born without the hepatitis B vaccination. Both of these cases can be avoided by means and are rarely seen in clinical practice, mainly by giving the mother the hepatitis B vaccine before she becomes pregnant so that she gains immunity to hepatitis B. The hepatitis B vaccine is also administered at the time of the child’s birth so that the child can acquire hepatitis B surface antibodies and have immunity to hepatitis B and not be infected with hepatitis B by the father.