Women have two ovaries, located on either side of the uterus, deep in the pelvis. During puberty, the follicles begin to develop and secrete estrogen, progesterone and androgens, and gradually mature to ovulate, performing endocrine and reproductive functions. Although hidden deep in the pelvic cavity, ovarian tumors of different sizes, cysts and malignancies can occur throughout a woman’s life, affecting her health. Young girls are prone to ovarian germ cell tumors. Women’s ovaries are located deep in the pelvic cavity, and tumors are difficult to detect in early stages. About 70% of ovarian cancer patients are already in advanced stage when found, with abdominal distension, abdominal mass and ascites. Ideal tumor cytoreductive surgery + chemotherapy is the standard treatment model for ovarian cancer. Ideal tumor cytoreduction is the removal of all visible lesions or residual lesions <1 cm and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Ovarian germ cell tumors originate from primitive germ cells and account for approximately 20% to 40% of ovarian tumors. The most common type of germ cell tumor is benign mature teratoma, which contains sebum, hair, teeth, bone and other tissues, and rarely can be malignant. The younger the girl is, the more likely it is to be malignant. For girls in school, parents need to pay special attention to the nature of abdominal pain, in addition to considering acute gastroenteritis and appendicitis, they need to go to the gynecologist to exclude the possibility of ovarian tumor torsion. Parents should pay special attention to prepubertal girls who have abnormal abdominal bulge after lying flat and seem to have a lump when they feel it, they need to go to the gynecology department to exclude ovarian tumor, so that the tumor does not twist and necrosis and one ovary needs to be removed. If prior examination reveals that the tumor can be surgically removed, normal ovarian tissue can be preserved. Since 10% of ovarian teratomas can occur bilaterally, if one side is twisted and necrotic and the other side is peeled off, the ovarian tissue left behind will become less and affect the function of the ovary. Therefore, early surgery is recommended when ovarian teratoma is detected. In older women, the distinction between benign and malignant ovarian tumors should be noted. Histologically, they are often epithelial tumors, accounting for 50%-70% of ovarian tumors and 85%-90% of ovarian malignant tumors. Nearly 70% are already advanced when detected, have up to 70% recurrence rate, and approximately 70% mortality rate. The 5-year survival rate for patients with advanced disease hovers around 30%. So what are the high-risk factors? For now, they may be related to the following factors: late childbearing, few children, no childbearing, late menopause, non-ovulation, family inherited ovarian cancer gene carrier, etc. So what are the manifestations? As ovaries are deeply hidden, it is difficult to detect in early stage. Occasionally, it can be diagnosed through ultrasound physical examination or due to other surgical findings of ovarian surface nodules. Therefore, women of childbearing age or postmenopausal women who experience abdominal distention, loss of appetite or weight loss, or even abdominal masses felt by themselves, need to be seen by a gynecologist as soon as possible. About half of the patients will consult a gastroenterologist, thinking that indigestion has delayed their condition. It is recommended that postmenopausal women have regular ultrasound examinations to identify any enlarged ovaries. The ovaries can secrete both estrogen and androgen. The gonads and interstitial cells in the primitive gonads may also form tumors that secrete too much estrogen or androgen, causing "precocious puberty" in young girls, "menstruation" in older women, and menstrual disorders and skin elasticity in women of childbearing age. The skin becomes smooth and elastic. Therefore, when you appear different from your normal peers, you need a gynecological consultation to rule out the possibility of interstitial tumors of the ovarian cords. This type accounts for about 5% of ovarian tumors. In conclusion, ovarian tumors can occur at any age in women. We hope that mothers will pay attention to the healthy growth of their girls, and we also hope that women of childbearing age will have regular health checkups and live a longer and healthier life after menopause.