Carotid artery stenosis is caused by atherosclerosis in 90% of cases. Currently, up to 30% of strokes (commonly known as “strokes”) are caused by carotid stenosis. Most patients with carotid stenosis are asymptomatic, but a few may have a “mini-stroke” (speech impairment, physical inactivity, and black eye). Carotid ultrasound can screen for carotid artery stenosis and is recommended as a routine annual test for people over 60 years of age. CTA/MRA/DSA is the gold standard for the diagnosis of carotid stenosis and can provide an important reference for follow-up treatment. Carotid artery stenosis less than 70% is mostly treated with medication, and controlling “three highs” and quitting smoking are the basic treatment. Those with carotid stenosis greater than 70% are at increased risk of stroke and have reached the standard for surgery. Carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy are the two main tools for the treatment of carotid stenosis, and their long-term results are basically the same. Restenosis can occur in some patients after surgery, and postoperative follow-up and timely detection are key. When carotid stenosis is detected, a visit to vascular surgery or neurology is required.