I. What is electronic bronchoscope
Electronic bronchoscope is an instrument that uses modern high technology to form a bendable endoscope with tens of thousands of very fine glass fibers of only a few millimeters in diameter, which is inserted by the patient’s nostril to observe the lesions inside the trachea, bronchi and lungs through a video system, so as to perform various diagnostic and therapeutic operations on respiratory system diseases. It can directly brush and biopsy tracheal and bronchial lesions to obtain cytological, bacteriological and pathological histological diagnosis, which obviously improves the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of respiratory system diseases and provides clear, distinct and vivid high-resolution bronchial images, enabling patients and family members to have a clear and intuitive understanding of the condition and treatment effect.
With the continuous development and improvement of related technologies, bronchoscopy is playing an increasingly important role in modern respiratory medicine and cardiothoracic surgery. With the continuous advancement of anesthesia methods, the patient’s painful experience is gradually reduced, enabling the patient to complete the relevant examination with minimal pain.
II. Indications
1.Unexplained various types of lung shadows and pulmonary atelectasis.
(1) Diagnosis of lung cancer (site, cellular and pathological examination), preoperative staging and evaluation, resection scope;
(2) lavage and lung biopsy of local or diffuse lung lesions to assist in the diagnosis of etiology.
2.Sputum examination reveals suspicious cancer cells and requires identification of lesion location (localization).
3.Inexplicable dry cough or change in nature of cough.
4.Unexplained limited asthma, vocal cord or diaphragm palsy, superior vena cava obstruction, celiac disease or pleural effusion.
5, Unexplained hemoptysis or blood in sputum, requiring clarification of the site and cause of bleeding.
6.Instead of thoracoscopy, to assist in the diagnosis of unexplained pleural diseases and the treatment of certain thoracic diseases.
7.Pulmonary infectious diseases, take specimens for pathogenic bacteria examination.
(1) Protective brush technique (PSB);
(2)Protective bronchoalveolar lavage technique (PBAL);
(3) transbronchial transmural lung biopsy technique (TBLB).
8.Airway exploration.
(1)Observe the mucosal lesions in the airway after tracheal intubation or tracheotomy or the appropriateness of the intubation position, etc.;
(2) observation of tracheal tears or other injuries after thoracic trauma; determination of the presence of tracheoesophageal fistula;
(3) observation of the site and extent of bronchial mucosal damage after inhalation of harmful gases or gastric contents;
(4) foreign body exploration.
Application of electronic bronchoscopy in disease treatment
The use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and related therapeutic equipment can be used for the treatment of the following conditions.
1.Removal of foreign bodies in the trachea and bronchus.
2.Extraction of endotracheal and bronchial secretions and blood clots
3.Treatment of pulmonary atelectasis, hemostasis, suction and flushing, drainage of pus, local drug injection for lung abscess, etc.
4.Extract endotracheal and bronchial secretions and perform pathogenic microorganism culture.
5.Cooperate with laser, microwave, argon knife, high-frequency electric knife and other devices to remove tumor or granulation tissue in the bronchus.
6.Patients with tracheal and bronchial stenosis can perform dilatation or place endotracheal stent.
7.Injectable drugs to treat lung tumors; tracheal alveolar lavage to treat diffuse lung diseases.
8.Guided tracheal intubation for resuscitation of critically ill patients.
9.Cautions for electronic bronchoscopy.
Before examination.
1.Blood routine, four laboratory tests of coagulation and electrocardiogram are required before performing electronic bronchoscopy. To save your time, please prepare the relevant tests in advance.
2.The morning of the examination should be fasting;
3.Don’t be nervous, if you have dentures, you should take them off and keep them properly, and cooperate closely with the doctor so that the examination can be completed smoothly;
4.Please bring toilet paper before the examination.
After the examination.
1.Two hours after the end of the examination, wait for the anesthesia effect to reduce before starting to eat;
2.For any biopsy, there may be a small amount of bleeding. If you cough up a lot of blood on the same day, you should come to our hospital for follow-up.