Kidney cysts are generally divided into simple renal cysts and polycystic kidneys. Simple renal cysts are one or more cysts on one or both sides of the kidney, but this cyst is not hereditary and does not cause kidney failure. In contrast, polycystic kidney is a hereditary disease, which can be divided into autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance according to the mode of inheritance. Autosomal dominant inheritance, also called adult polycystic kidney disease, is the most common clinical polycystic kidney disease. Autosomal recessive inheritance, also known as childhood or infantile polycystic kidney disease. The incidence is relatively low and often dies in newborns. Those who do not die in newborns may enter end-stage renal disease before the age of 20 and require renal replacement therapy. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, mainly adult-onset, has diagnostic criteria including two primary and secondary diagnoses. First, the primary diagnosis is multiple cysts in the bilateral renal dermis medulla, usually more than three. Second, there is a patient with polycystic kidney in the immediate family. Secondary diagnostic markers include polycystic pancreas, polycystic liver, cerebrovascular malformation, heart valve disease, umbilical hernia, and renal insufficiency. Two main diagnostic criteria and one secondary diagnostic criteria are met to diagnose adult polycystic kidney disease.