Ms. Zhao, 27 years old: “I had a purging operation a month ago, and after the operation, I have been having slight vaginal bleeding and sometimes some reddish-brown discharge, but I think these should be normal phenomena after purging, so I didn’t care about it. More than ten days ago the vaginal bleeding suddenly became heavier and I thought it should be my period, but it hasn’t completely ended until now, am I having irregular periods caused by the miscarriage?” Ms. Zhao was advised to have an ultrasound examination, which revealed that she had no other problems except for some fluid in her uterine cavity. What was the problem? Ms. Zhao was then given a gynecological double examination, which revealed a piece of embryonic tissue the size of a quail’s egg at the opening of Ms. Zhao’s cervix, which could not be removed with forceps, so Ms. Zhao had to undergo another purging operation. What Ms. Zhao thought was normal vaginal bleeding, normal discharge and irregular menstruation was actually wrong. Her conditions were actually abnormal vaginal bleeding caused by embryonic tissue left behind by an incomplete abortion. Ms. Xie, a 30-year-old woman, recently found that her menstrual flow was on the low side and approached me for consultation and asked for menstrual regulation. After examining her, I found that Ms. Xie’s low menstrual flow was actually abnormal vaginal bleeding caused by adhesions in the uterine cavity. Many women and even some doctors sometimes treat abnormal vaginal bleeding directly as menstrual disorders, but not all abnormal vaginal bleeding is menstrual disorders. Luteal insufficiency, ovarian hypoplasia and uterine fibroids, endometritis, cervical cancer, ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia and other gynecological and obstetrical disorders can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, if treated as menstrual disorders, it would be the opposite, and may even delay the condition, only after all these factors are excluded, it can only be said that it is menstrual disorders. Patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding should have a series of other gynecological tests in addition to an ultrasound. Some people think that some gynecological examinations (e.g., bimanual examination) will increase the risk of infection when vaginal bleeding occurs, so they are reluctant to do so. This idea is not correct, because only after a comprehensive gynecological examination can we know the specific cause of bleeding, so as to treat the symptoms.