Cranial repair surgery is a very routine surgery in neurosurgery, mainly for repairing skull defects caused by various reasons, and the technology is very mature. When performing cranial repair surgery, the repair material should be carefully selected. The most commonly used material in clinical practice is titanium mesh, but this metal material is not ideal and can cause a variety of problems, including postoperative rejection, infection, scalp breakdown, and material exposure. Do I need to have two surgeries to replace PEEK with exposed titanium mesh? PEEK material is a special polymer material, chemically called polyether ether ketone, which is a very high performance cranial repair material that can well avoid the above-mentioned problems that may arise from titanium mesh and become a new trend in cranial repair materials. Some patients ask if they need to have two surgeries to replace PEEK with exposed titanium mesh. Traditional techniques may require two surgeries to remove the titanium mesh and a second surgery to place the new PEEK material after the scalp has healed. Currently, however, our team is taking a different approach and is able to complete the replacement in a single surgery, reducing the pain of unnecessary surgical trauma and greatly reducing the cost of the procedure. For example, Mr. Ou from Guangxi is one of the beneficiaries. Six years ago, Mr. Ou had a traumatic brain injury and underwent craniotomy + decompression of bone flap in a local hospital, leaving a skull defect. Later, he also underwent skull repair surgery with titanium mesh material in the local hospital, and it went well at that time. However, after 6 years, recently Mr. Ou developed an exposed titanium mesh on the left side of the lateral arch of the eyebrow, and it gradually expanded. He went to several local and foreign hospitals to seek treatment, some of which did not have PEEK material, and those that did required two surgeries for material replacement. He then came to us after learning more about the patient, and we used advanced and unique technology to perform 3D scanning and acquisition of skull window data while retaining the titanium mesh material on the patient’s head, completing 3D reconstruction and 3D printing of the PEEK material, and then completing the removal of the titanium mesh material and the placement of the PEEK material in one surgery, which was very successful. So there is no need to do two surgeries to replace PEEK with exposed titanium mesh, we can do it in one. Moreover, what we carry out is PEEK cranioplasty, constantly improving the technology, material optimization design, and introducing advanced cosmetic plastic surgery concepts, we can achieve good results of structural integrity, functional perfection, and aesthetic appearance.