Slight thickening of the wall of the middle esophagus is an imaging manifestation, which can be caused by chronic esophagitis, esophageal smooth muscle tumor or esophageal cancer. 1. Chronic esophagitis: repeated episodes of chronic esophagitis stimulate the mucous membrane to break down and tissue hyperplasia occurs, which will be manifested as a slight thickening of the wall of the middle esophagus; it can be treated with medicines such as omeprazole, famotidine, and so on, and in serious cases, surgery can be carried out according to the patient’s condition. 2. Esophageal smooth muscle tumor: it is a benign soft tissue mass that develops in the submucosa of the middle and lower esophagus, usually in the shape of spiral or strip; when the mass is located in the middle section, the wall of the middle esophagus can be reported to be thickened by the patients when they perform chest CT; surgical resection of the lesion is the most common treatment. 3. Esophageal cancer: the tumor invades the mucosal epithelium and can occur in any position of the esophagus, with local ulcers or elevated foci, which can also be manifested as thickening of the esophageal wall; the treatment can be feasible as endoscopic resection or traditional surgical resection of the lesion, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and so on. When patients are found to have slightly thickened wall in the middle part of the esophagus, they should consult the gastroenterology department in a timely manner, complete the corresponding auxiliary examinations, and have the diagnosis standardized by the professional doctor after combining the patient’s symptoms and signs with the comprehensive judgment; do not take medication on your own in order to avoid any discomfort.