Interventional treatment of portal hypertensive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

  Percutaneous hepatic puncture esophagogastric variceal vein embolization (PTVE) + partial splenic artery embolization (PSE) + portal stenting” was used to treat patients with portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhosis, which achieved satisfactory results and was well received by patients.  The patient, a 76-year-old male, had a history of chronic hepatitis B for more than 30 years and cirrhosis for 10 years, and was diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma six years ago and underwent interventional chemoembolization. In May this year, he was diagnosed with recurrence of liver cancer and underwent interventional chemoembolization again; in early July, he developed upper gastrointestinal vomiting at home and was admitted to Nanjing No. 2 Hospital, Hepatology Department, Area 11, and on the fifth day of hospitalization, he developed massive vomiting of blood (over 3000 ml) and shock. The patient’s life was successfully saved by emergency interventional minimally invasive treatment by Director Wang Yongzhen of the Department of Interventional Vascular Medicine while giving supportive medical treatment.  DSA imaging: severe stenosis of portal vein, varices of fundus and esophagus After intervention: portal stenosis disappeared, varices were occluded Director Wang briefly introduced the procedure: after local subcutaneous anesthesia, the right femoral artery and the portal vein of the right liver were punctured, and catheters of about 1.3 mm in diameter were fed into each of the two puncture points to reach the splenic artery and the varices of esophagus-fundus, and embolic agents and sclerosing agents were injected respectively. Embolization was performed; for those with severe stenosis of the main trunk and branches of the portal vein, stents were implanted for dilation. After the surgery, there are only 2 stitches of less than 2mm in diameter on the body, which do not need to be sutured, and only need to be compressed to stop bleeding and bandaged for fixation.  According to statistics, esophagogastric varices are seen in about half of the patients with cirrhosis, and the annual incidence of rupture and bleeding is about 5%-15%, with a morbidity and mortality rate of up to about 20% within 6 weeks. The rate of late rebleeding in untreated patients is about 60%, and the mortality rate will be higher in patients with recurrent bleeding and hemorrhage.  Interventional therapy as a treatment for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in portal hypertension has the advantages of small trauma, rapid effect, quick recovery, wide indications, short hospital stay, and repeatable treatment, etc., and is increasingly receiving clinical attention. Specifically: 1. Partial embolization of splenic artery (PSE) can improve the symptoms of hypersplenism (elevated leukocytes and platelets), reduce portal pressure, and improve liver blood supply and liver function; 2. PTVE percutaneous esophageal and fundic variceal vein embolization can directly block the ruptured vessels, similar to filling the entire flooded river; 3. pressure. Of course, transstatic intrahepatic portal-venous shunt (TIPSS) can also be used to further reduce portal pressure and reduce the risk of bleeding for patients who are eligible.