Thoracolumbar fracture is a common injury in spine surgery. Traditional surgery usually adopts a posterior median approach to reveal the injured segment after stripping the spinous process, the longest muscle and the joint capsule on both sides of the vertebral plate, which is more traumatic and bleeding due to the extensive stripping, and takes longer to recover after surgery. In contrast, the paravertebral muscle gap approach (Wiltse approach) is a minimally invasive spinal surgery procedure that can effectively protect the normal physiological structure of the posterior spine and reduce surgical trauma. Because of the adoption of the multifidus and longest muscle gap approach, all the exposure is done in the natural muscle gap, and the operations of nail placement, repositioning and fixation are also done in this gap, so the posterior spinal ligaments, muscles and joint capsule structures are completely preserved, less intraoperative bleeding, faster postoperative pain relief, maximum preservation of the function of the multifidus and longest muscles, and no postoperative remains of the multifidus muscle left by stripping The cavity left by the stripped multifidus muscle will not be left after surgery, reducing the chance of hematoma formation and infection, and the stable structure of the injured spine will not be damaged, enabling early functional exercise. Patients with this procedure are able to get out of bed under the protection of a lumbar girth 5-7 days after surgery, shortening the hospital stay and recovery time.