Pregnancy is blissful, pregnancy is painful, for mothers-to-be with gestational diabetes, the hard work of pregnancy is just like that like the tidal wave of the river, rushing and flowing. Wait, enjoy a small online poem that may give you a shock: “In my dream, / I put out my little hand, / to let it breathe. / In my dream, / I kicked out my little feet, / and let it take a walk. / In my dream, / I put my little butt out, / and let it cool off. /In my dream, / I sneezed, / and scared my mom to jump up, / and woke up. /Looking at my sleeping face, / my mother was so distressed / that she hid my little hands, feet and bottom / one by one under the warm blanket, / and so / the sweet dreams began again” Mothers-to-be, close your eyes and imagine the scene: little hands, feet and bottom …… It’s all yours. We met in a sea of people in the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes IV and came together for a common goal. It is our common wish to have a healthy baby. Besides parents, grandparents, grandparents, seven aunts and eight uncles, etc., we care most about you and your child. From the moment you walk into the ward, the child is yours and ours. Let’s talk about how to eat and exercise for mothers-to-be with gestational diabetes. 1.What should be noted in the diet of diabetic women in pregnancy? The dietary treatment of pregnant women is different from that of general diabetic patients because proper nutrition is needed during pregnancy, but it should not be increased blindly, otherwise it will lead to excess nutrition and increase blood sugar. Therefore, it is not possible to follow the dietary principles of general diabetic patients. The principle of controlled diet therapy for pregnant women is to control total calories appropriately. The 1st to 3rd month of pregnancy is the 1st period, the diet of normal pregnant women is no different from that of ordinary people, and there is no big difference between pregnant women with diabetes, as long as the calories are properly controlled. 4 to 6 months is the 2nd period, 7 to 9 months is the 3rd period, normal pregnant women should increase the calorie intake and protein intake in both the 2nd and 3rd periods, generally the calories are increased by 200 kcal per day, and the protein is increased by 15-25 g per day. pregnant women in these two During this period, calories can be given at 30-38 kcal per kg of pre-pregnancy standard weight, and generally the whole day calories should be maintained at 1800-2200 kcal, which should be slightly lower than normal pregnant women’s calories. During this period, in addition to the protein should be maintained at 80-100g (more than 50% of high quality protein), the staple food should be between 250-400g. Pay attention to vitamin and inorganic salt and trace elements supplementation. The 2015 FIGO guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes recommend the following: the caloric intake of pregnant women should be based on the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): (1) 35-40 kcal/kg for low weight individuals (BMI <18. 5 kg/m2 ) (based on ideal weight, the same below); (2) 35-40 kcal/kg for normal weight individuals (BMI 18. 5 ~24); (3) 35-40 kcal/kg for normal weight individuals (BMI 18. 5 ~24); (4) 35-40 kcal/kg for normal weight individuals (BMI 18. 5 ~24). (2) Normal weight people (BMI 18.5 ~ 24.9 kg/m2) should consume 30 ~ 35 kcal/kg; (3) Overweight people (BMI: 25 ~ 29.9 kg/m2) should consume 25 ~ 30 kcal/kg; (4) Obese people (BMI escape 30 kg/m2) should reduce their total calorie intake by 30% compared to the pre-pregnancy period, but not less than 1 600 ~ 1 800 kcal per day. For better control of blood glucose levels, carbohydrates should be appropriately distributed among 3 main meals and 2-4 additional meals (additional meals in the evening can help prevent the development of nocturnal ketosis). In addition, patients should choose foods with low glycemic index and high fiber content. For patients with diabetic nephropathy, it is recommended that protein intake be reduced to 0. 6 - 0. 8 g/kg (based on ideal body weight). 2. How should women with diabetes mellitus who are pregnant be treated with exercise? Most people have the question "Is exercise safe for the fetus?" Therefore, exercise therapy is rarely used for gestational diabetic patients. In fact, exercise therapy has been introduced into the treatment of gestational diabetes more than a decade ago and has been widely recognized. The American Diabetes Association and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology have both published articles showing that exercise is a worthwhile option not only for the treatment of gestational diabetes but also for its prevention. Some scholars have shown that excessively obese pregnant women need exercise, and that those who participate in exercise are less likely to develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) than those who do not; there are also experimental results that show that exercise reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women with GDM in the future. The use of appropriate exercise in the treatment of gestational diabetes is now becoming more established, and many have begun to shift the focus of research to the mechanisms by which exercise maintains normoglycemia and to the prescription of exercise. The main things to consider in the exercise treatment of gestational diabetes are as follows: (1) Mode of exercise: The safest form of exercise should be one that does not cause fetal distress or uterine contractions. Upper extremity exercise does not produce uterine contractions, but lower extremity exercise has a tendency to produce uterine contractions. Upper extremity exercise is safe, effective, and easily accepted and can provide an effective treatment or even replace insulin injections for some patients with gestational diabetes. (2) Exercise intensity: the target heart rate method can be used, the formula is: target heart rate = (220 an age) X 60%, for example: if you are 30 years old, the exercise intensity is heart rate = (220-30) X 60% = 114 beats/min. (3) Suggestions: 30 minutes of exercise per day; 10 minutes of brisk walking or upper arm exercise after each meal; pregnant women who did physical exercise before pregnancy are encouraged to keep exercising after pregnancy.