Postoperative delirium is a common postoperative state of acute confusion that occurs mainly in elderly male patients, and with the aging of our population structure and the development of surgery and related disciplines, more elderly patients will likely undergo surgical treatment. The clinical features of this disease are often characterized by impairment of consciousness, attention, cognition and perception, of which attention disorder is its main symptom. The incidence of postoperative delirium is as high as 44% in elderly patients who undergo major surgery, and 40% of these patients undergo abdominal surgery. Recent studies suggest a correlation between its pathogenesis and the inflammatory response to surgical stress. The risk factors for this disease include preoperative cognitive impairment, advanced age, hypoproteinemia, history of alcohol abuse, blood transfusion and intraoperative hypotension, among which preoperative cognitive impairment is most closely related to the occurrence of postoperative delirium, and advanced age is an independent risk factor for its occurrence. Second, prevention For patients undergoing elective surgery, adequate preoperative preparation should be made. For patients undergoing emergency surgery, it is important to minimize the time of psychological and physiological damage caused by malignant stimuli to the organism. During anesthesia and surgery, try not to use some drugs that can trigger delirium as much as the condition permits. Maintain the stability of the patient’s respiratory circulation as much as possible in the perioperative period, and actively adjust the patient’s water, electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders. Minimize adverse stimuli during the recovery period of anesthesia to make wakefulness smooth. Strengthen postoperative pain treatment and ensure adequate sleep for patients. Pay attention to postoperative patient psychological care and maintain the psychological stability of patients during the postoperative recovery period. Strengthen postoperative monitoring and treatment to avoid the emergence of postoperative complications. Pay attention to improving the ward environment and creating a quiet and comfortable atmosphere. Treatment Postoperative delirium is mainly treated symptomatically, among which effective postoperative analgesia and a comfortable sleeping environment are especially important for patients with this disease, and can be supplemented with psychotherapy if necessary. For cases with severe symptoms that may endanger personal safety, symptomatic treatment with drugs should be used, aiming at sedation, control of mental status, and improvement of sleep. In extreme cases, the patient’s torso can be braked if necessary. Here, good nursing care is also very important, which includes verbal encouragement from family members or chaperones with the patient, touch reassurance, do not easily change health care personnel, and try not to interrupt sleep. In conclusion, the prognosis for postoperative delirium is good, with most patients recovering within 1 month of onset. Patients without this complication will have a significantly longer hospital stay and increased medical costs.