Diabetic retinopathy severely affects the vision of diabetic patients and can eventually lead to blindness. Diabetic retinopathy is the most important manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy and is mainly related to the duration of diabetes and the degree of glycemic control, while the age, gender and type of diabetes have little effect on its onset. An epidemiological survey showed that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 7% in the group with less than 10 years of disease, 26% in the group with 10-14 years of disease, 63% in the group with 15 years or more, and up to 95% in the group with 30 years of disease. Early non-proliferative retinopathy does not cause vision loss, but small retinal hemorrhages can cause local visual field loss, and if the macula retinal hemorrhage or edema vision will be significantly reduced. In advanced stages of proliferative retinopathy, retinal damage stimulates the growth of new blood vessels, which can cause fibroplasia and sometimes retinal detachment. The new blood vessels may also grow into the vitreous and cause vitreous hemorrhage. Proliferative retinopathy is more dangerous to vision and can lead to severe vision loss or even complete blindness. How to prevent and treat: 1. Diet and life control: control blood sugar in the normal range with diet or combined hypoglycemic drugs as much as possible. 2.Conservative drug treatment: In early stage (non-proliferative retinopathy), in addition to strict control of diabetes, the following drugs can be used: ① Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid calcium drugs such as Guoxin or Deferoxamine, which are used to reduce the high leakage of retinal blood vessels in diabetes, reduce the high viscosity of blood and reduce the high aggregation of platelets; ② Anti-platelet aggregation drugs such as aspirin and pentoxifylline; ③ Anticoagulant drugs such as heparin; ④ Pro-retinal drugs such as heparin; ④ Pro-retinal drugs such as heparin. drugs, such as heparin; ④ pro-fibrinolytic drugs, such as urokinase, streptokinase, etc. A low-fat, high-protein diet and more vegetable oils can reduce the hard exudate in the fundus of the eye. Diabetic patients are often combined with hypertension and/or hyperlipidemia, so it is necessary to take into account the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia while controlling hyperglycemia, and try to reduce them to normal level. 3.Laser treatment: It can stop the development of retinal lesions. After a large number of rigorous clinical studies, it has been confirmed that laser photocoagulation is an effective measure for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy today. 4, vitrectomy: advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy, serious vitreous hemorrhage can occur, the source of which can be the retina or the retinal papilla neovascular hemorrhage, but also can be invasive intravitreal neovascular hemorrhage, not absorbed over time in the vitreous formation of mechanized film or strips, pulling caused by macular edema, macular ectasia, and even pulling retinal detachment. The vitrectomy is performed to clear the refractive interstitium, remove the accumulated blood and decomposed material and cut off the mechanized membrane, then aspirate the fragments to eliminate the scaffold on which the fibrous tissue grows, release the retinal traction, and inject fluid and/or gas to restore the normal retinal anatomy and keep the eye intact for laser photocoagulation or condensation.