Retinopathy is most closely related to how well diabetes is controlled. When the condition is poorly controlled over time, the incidence of retinopathy is higher and the degree of the disease is more severe, and the longer the duration of diabetes, the higher the incidence of retinopathy. The eye is one of the most vulnerable organs in the body to diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy is the most common diabetic eye disease. Currently, about 50% of diabetic patients have varying degrees of retinal damage. In developed countries, diabetic retinopathy remains the leading cause of blindness in adults. Fundus manifestations of diabetic retinopathy include: retinal microangiomas, hemorrhagic spots, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, retinal vasculopathy, macular degeneration, vitreous and optic neuropathy. The occurrence of retinopathy is most closely related to how well diabetes is controlled. When the condition is poorly controlled for a long time, the incidence of retinopathy is high and the degree of the disease is severe, and the longer the duration of diabetes, the higher the incidence of retinopathy. Therefore, the fundamental approach to diabetic retinopathy prevention is good control of blood glucose. Controlling diabetes, which has a role in promoting the reversal of early diabetic retinopathy, and long-term control of blood glucose is important in delaying the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy. At the same time, the fundus should be checked regularly. In general, diabetic patients should undergo fundus examination once a year. Once retinopathy is detected, the interval between reviews should be shortened to achieve early detection and treatment. In addition, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, keeping blood pressure normal and correcting disorders of lipid metabolism are also very important preventive measures. The treatment of diabetic retinopathy is mainly based on blood glucose control and local treatment of the eye. The main treatment measures are: 1. Drug therapy: The background stage of diabetic fundus lesions (mild to moderate non-proliferative lesions) is dominated by drug therapy. The main purpose is to improve retinal blood circulation, reduce capillary permeability, lower blood viscosity, reduce the aggregation of red blood cells and platelets, as well as improve local nerve function, thus delaying the onset and development of the lesion. Clinically used drugs include rutin, vitamin C, aspirin, dobes, conductive ascorbic acid, methyl vitamin B12, aldose reductase inhibitors, etc. and blood-activating and stasis-removing Chinese medicine. 2.Laser treatment: It is the current method of choice for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Although it is only a curative medical treatment to reduce blindness, the efficacy is determined. Laser treatment uses the thermal energy of the laser to close the diseased area of the retina and improve the ischemic state of the retina; fix and shrink the abnormal blood vessels, reduce vascular leakage, and reduce retinal exudation and edema; reduce the metabolism and oxygen consumption of the outer layer of the retina and improve the nutrition and supply of the inner layer of the retina. 3.Surgical treatment: When fundus lesions progress to the most serious stage, such as vitreous hemorrhage or proliferative retinal lesions causing tractional retinal detachment, vitrectomy as well as retinal surgery is required. With surgical treatment, approximately 70% of patients can improve their visual acuity. However, the surgery requires special equipment and is technically difficult with many complications.