Treatment of prostate hyperplasia (BPH) The lower urinary tract symptoms of prostate hyperplasia are experienced by patients with BPH and are most important to the patients themselves. Lower urinary tract symptoms and the resulting decrease in quality of life are the main reasons why patients seek treatment, depending on their tolerance level. Therefore, the degree of lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life decline is an important basis for the selection of treatment measures. The patient’s wishes are fully understood, and the efficacy and side effects of various treatments, including watchful waiting, medication, and surgical treatment, are explained to the patient. How is prostate enlargement treated? 1. Recommendations: Patients with mild lower urinary tract symptoms (I-PSS score ≤ 7) and patients with moderate or more symptoms (I-PSS score ≥ 8) while quality of life has not yet been significantly affected can be subjected to watchful waiting. Prior to watchful waiting, patients should undergo a comprehensive examination (all components of the initial assessment) to exclude various BPH-related comorbidities. Clinical outcome: 85% of patients on watchful waiting remain stable at 1 year of follow-up and 65% have no clinical progression at 5 years. Patient education: Patients undergoing watchful waiting should be provided with knowledge about BPH, including lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical progress of BPH, and in particular should be made aware of the effect and prognosis of watchful waiting. Also, knowledge about prostate cancer should be provided; patients with BPH are usually more concerned about the risk of prostate cancer, and studies have shown that the detection rate of prostate cancer in people with lower urinary tract symptoms is no different from that of asymptomatic people of the same age group. ② Lifestyle guidance: Appropriate restriction of water intake can alleviate urinary frequency symptoms, such as limiting water intake at night and when attending public social occasions. However, daily water intake should not be less than 1500 ml. Alcohol and coffee have diuretic and stimulant effects, which can cause increased urinary output, frequent urination, and urinary urgency, so the intake of alcoholic and caffeinated beverages should be appropriately limited. Instruction on bladder emptying techniques, such as repeated urination. Mental relaxation training to divert attention from the desire to urinate. Bladder training to encourage patients to hold urine appropriately to increase bladder capacity and intervals between urination. (iii) Guidance on combined medications: BPH patients often use multiple medications at the same time because of the combination of other systemic diseases, patients should be informed and evaluated on these combined medications, and adjustments should be made under the guidance of other specialists if necessary in order to minimize the impact of combined medications on the urinary system. Treatment of coexisting constipation. 4, Follow-up: Follow-up is an important clinical process for patients undergoing observation waiting for BPH. The first follow-up visit is conducted in the 6th month after the start of observation waiting, and then once a year thereafter. The purpose of the follow-up visit is to understand the patient’s condition, whether there is clinical progression and BPH-related comorbidities and absolute surgical indications, and according to the patient’s desire to switch to drug treatment or surgical treatment. The follow-up visit consisted of the elements of the initial evaluation.