The use of laparoscopy in urologic surgery has made great progress in the last 20 years or so. As far as the scope of surgery is concerned, it is now involved in all aspects of urology and male reproductive surgery. (I) Nephrectomy Laparoscopic surgery has the advantages of large space and clear anatomical landmarks, and early surgeries were performed through the laparoscopic route. However, transabdominal route also has disadvantages, such as the risk of intestinal injury, intestinal paralysis, peritonitis and adhesive intestinal obstruction. Nowadays, the clinical practice of direct access to the retroperitoneal cavity (referred to as retroperitoneal laparoscopy) for the treatment of urological diseases without going through the abdominal cavity is widely popularized. This pathway has a relatively small surgical space, lacks clear anatomical landmarks, and excessive fatty tissue in the retroperitoneal cavity hinders laparoscopic operation. However, this pathway can directly and rapidly enter the surgical field, separating less tissue, light injury, less interference with abdominal organs, and can avoid tuberculosis, infected fluid or tumor cells in the abdominal cavity planting and dissemination, after skilled mastery of laparoscopic operation techniques, can completely overcome the shortcomings of this pathway. The indications for laparoscopic nephrectomy include: 1 benign renal lesions, such as renal atrophy caused by various reasons, hydronephrosis or tuberculosis kidney, polycystic kidney, etc. 2 renal tumors, 3 tumors confined to calyces and renal pelvis, ureteral tumors of the upper ureter, and patients with severe ureteral reflux who need to undergo nephroureteral total excision and partial cystectomy. 4 patients with partial nephrectomy and combined renal diseases who need to preserve renal function can undergo laparotomy. patients, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can be performed.5 In renal transplantation therapy has been widely used in living donor kidney harvesting surgery to reduce donor injury. （Laparoscopic renal cyst decortication is relatively simple. The surgery not only can achieve the same effect with open surgery, but also the surgical blows and complications are much less, has become one of the most carried out laparoscopic urological surgery in China, the surgery can be carried out through the abdominal cavity pathway, or through the retroperitoneal pathway, and compared with the open surgery, the surgery has less damage and faster recovery. (C) Adrenalectomy Laparoscopy is the gold standard for adrenal surgery. The indications for laparoscopic adrenal surgery mainly include pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, cortisolism, non-functional adenomas, lipomas and so on. The surgical pathway can also be divided into transperitoneal pathway and retroperitoneal pathway, with the latter being more commonly used. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery, such as less tissue damage, less bleeding, less postoperative pain, faster recovery and fewer complications, are particularly evident in adrenal surgery. (iv) Pyelo-ureteroplasty Open pyeloplasty used to be the gold standard for the treatment of stenosis of the pyelo-ureteral junction, but its severe surgical trauma has led to a search for less invasive procedures. Percutaneous paracentesis or transureteral retrograde pyeloureteral junction stenosis incision or dilatation is one of the less invasive treatment options available, but the inability to resolve obstruction caused by external compression of the renal pelvic ureteral junction, the success rate of the procedure of only 10-25%, and the higher risk of post-surgical hemorrhage have led to the abandonment of this surgical procedure in many healthcare facilities when compared to the open procedure. Laparoscopic pyeloureteroplasty can solve many problems caused by the underdevelopment of the renal pelvic ureteral junction and its external ectopic blood vessels or fibrous band compression, which maintains a high success rate and has the advantage of less surgical trauma, and is expected to become a new gold standard for the surgical treatment of renal pelvic ureteral junction stenosis. (E) Bladder surgery The application of laparoscopic technology has expanded the range of options for bladder surgery. 1998 laparoscopic technique of bladder forcing muscle incision for autologous bladder enlargement solved the problem of many complications due to the intestines instead of the bladder. 1992 laparoscopic technique of bladder diverticulectomy via abdominal pathway, and carried out laparoscopic total cystectomy in the same year. In 1994 laparoscopic surgery was performed to repair bladder rupture. Currently, we have been able to carry out laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal orthotopic neocystectomy with mature techniques. (VI) Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer was reported for the first time in 1992, but at that time, it was limited by the anastomosis technology between bladder neck and urethra and surgical instruments. In recent years, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer has been widely performed in clinic and achieved satisfactory therapeutic effect, with some patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection at the same time. This kind of surgery has been taken as the routine and standard surgery for prostate cancer. （Lymph node dissection Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer is an important part of adult urology laparoscopic surgery. The indications are mainly for prostate cancer with high risk of lymph node metastasis. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular tumors is relatively more difficult to perform extended lymph node dissection for testicular tumors with laparoscopy due to the difficulty in visualizing the retroperitoneal midline site and the presence of large blood vessels and their important branches in the surgical field. (H) Laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation is mainly used for primary varicocele. Comparing and analyzing the effect of laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation and open surgery, the recurrence rate of the former is significantly lower than that of the latter, and the rate of significant improvement in the quality of the patient’s semen after surgery is also higher than that of the latter. Laparoscopic surgery can achieve such good results, it is speculated that laparoscopy can be higher ligation of the spermatic vein, the possibility of leakage is small. (ix) Cryptorchidism: About 20% of cryptorchidism cannot be clinically palpated, nor can it be detected by ultrasound, and surgical exploration was often required in the past. With the improvement of operation skills and instruments, laparoscopy is not only used for the diagnosis of cryptorchidism, but also feasible for hypoplasia testicular resection, testicular descending fixation, and concurrently with inguinal hernia patients, hernia repair can be done at the same time. (X) other laparoscopic surgery can be used for percutaneous renal puncture biopsy of renal parenchyma biopsy with relative contraindications, renal prolapse fixation surgery. From the renal pelvis to the upper and middle ureteral stones, can be removed laparoscopically through the retroperitoneal path, the ureter can be placed in the stent tube. In cases of ureteral compression due to extensive retroperitoneal fibrosis, a full ureteral release can also be performed via the retroperitoneal route. Laparoscopy can also be used for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Surgery can be performed via the abdominal cavity or the retropubic peritoneal external pathway, and like traditional surgical methods, it is feasible, such as suprapubic vesicourethral suspension, sacro-pubic ligament urethral vesicourethral suspension, and so on. Since laparoscopic surgery not only has the advantages of small injury, fast postoperative recovery, beautiful surgical field surface and short hospitalization time, but also makes remote surgery possible, representing the direction of surgical development, so with the development of surgical instrumentation and improvement of surgical skills, laparoscopic technology will be more widely used in urology. Compared with other specialties, urological laparoscopic technology has a great tendency to come to the forefront. At present, urological laparoscopic surgery has two main development directions: (1) difficult and complex destructive laparoscopic surgery, challenging the traditional contraindications of laparoscopy; (2) urological laparoscopic surgical modalities are being converted from early destructive surgery to organ preservation and functional reconstruction surgery. In recent years, foreign scholars have successfully completed a series of difficult functional reconstructive surgeries such as laparoscopic adrenalectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by daVinci robotic hand operating system. The emergence of robotic hand makes urological laparoscopic surgery become more delicate and faster. At present, urological laparoscopic technology is developing rapidly in China, and a series of urological complex functional reconstructive surgeries such as laparoscopic total cystectomy and ileal orthotopic controllable cystectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy have been successfully carried out. We believe that with the progress of science and technology and the development of laparoscopic surgical instruments, urological laparoscopic surgery will be more widely used.