Stroke has become the first cause of disability and death in our population, and the incidence is increasing year by year. Unlike Western countries, the incidence and mortality rate of stroke in China is much higher than that of coronary heart disease. Epidemiological studies show that 1.5 to 2 million new strokes occur each year in China, with an annual stroke mortality rate of 58 to 142 per 100,000 population and 8 to 10 million surviving stroke patients. Ischemic strokes are the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 70% of all strokes. Therefore, active prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke is of great importance to reduce the morbidity, mortality and disease burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China, and is a top priority in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Numerous studies have shown that elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL- C) are associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke: the risk of ischemic stroke tends to increase significantly with increasing LDL- C levels. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEPATP III), published in 2004, is a detailed guideline for the management of hyperlipidemic patients at risk for cerebrovascular disease and recommends LDL- C as the primary therapeutic target. The 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke and TIA also state that lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatment should be provided for patients with ischemic stroke/TIA with elevated cholesterol levels, and recommend the use of statins to reduce LDL-C to <2.6 mmol/L. In 2011, the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) updated the Guidelines for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke and TIA, which provide a more detailed description of the relationship between lipids, stroke, and statins, emphasizing the relationship and importance of the three. The guideline reviews the findings of the Korean Epidemiological Study and the earlier Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) published in 2006 and the 2004 statin meta-analysis, which concluded that LDL- C is associated with ischemic stroke and that lowering LDL- C levels may reduce stroke. After analysis of important clinical trials, such as the Heart Protection Trial (HPS) and the Intensive Stroke Reduction for Prevention (SPARCL), it was recommended that: (i) to reduce stroke and cardiovascular risk, statins with intensive lipid-lowering effects are recommended for patients with ischemic stroke/TIA with evidence of atherosclerosis, LDL- C ≥2.6 mmol/L, and no known coronary artery disease (I, B). (ii) For optimal efficacy in patients with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke/TIA without known coronary artery disease, the appropriate target is a >50% reduction in LDL- C or LDL- C <1.80 mmol/L (IIa, B). (iii) Patients with ischemic stroke/TIA who have high cholesterol or coronary artery disease must also be managed according to NCEP ATP III requirements, including lifestyle changes, dietary guidelines, and drug recommendations (I, A).