Diabetic ketoacidosis is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. For patients in the early stage of ketosis, it is only necessary to give sufficient insulin and supplemental fluids, closely observe the condition, regularly check blood glucose and blood ketone bodies, and adjust the insulin dose; for patients with acidosis or even coma, they should be immediately and actively rescued once diagnosed. The principles of treatment are: rehydration as soon as possible to restore blood volume, correct water loss, lower blood sugar, correct electrolyte and acid-base balance, and at the same time actively search for and eliminate causative factors to prevent and control complications and reduce the rate of death. Rehydration: It is the key part of treatment. The basic principle is to first fast and then slow, first salt and then sugar. Insulin: Generally, a small dose short-acting insulin treatment plan is chosen, with 0.1 unit per kg body weight per hour, so that the serum insulin is constant up to 100-200 μU/ml, when there is already the maximum effect of inhibiting lipolysis and ketone body production, and the hypoglycemic effect can also be achieved. Usually, insulin is added to the liquid for continuous drip, and gradually switched to subcutaneous injection after the condition is stabilized. Correction of electrolytes and acid-base balance: acidosis is mainly caused by metabolites of ketone bodies. After treatment with fluids and insulin, the level of ketone bodies decreases and acidosis can be relieved by itself, so there is no need to purposely supplement alkali, but severe acidosis affects the functioning of heart, lungs, kidneys and nervous system, so corresponding treatment should be given. Alkaline supplementation should not be too much or too fast. Patients with ketoacidosis will have different degrees of potassium loss. Potassium supplementation should be started only when the patient starts urination at the same time as rehydration therapy and insulin therapy. Treatment of precipitating factors and complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis itself is a complication of diabetes mellitus, but it can also cause other complications on its own and coexist with diabetes mellitus, making treatment more complicated. Complications that should be watched for during treatment include shock, severe infection, heart failure, arrhythmia, renal failure, cerebral edema, and acute gastric dilatation. Care: Diabetes is a long process with many complications, so care is also an important factor affecting the prognosis. On the one hand, it is necessary to pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene to prevent infection, and on the other hand, it is also necessary to prevent pressure sores, monitor vital signs, and respond to abnormalities in a timely manner. Therefore, the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis generally includes the above aspects, but it is also important to observe the condition and choose an individualized treatment plan according to the patient’s personal situation.