Blood vessels are the main channels of communication between the organs of the body and the outside of the organs, the vessels entering the organs are called arteries and the vessels exiting the organs are called veins. The spermatic vein is the main blood vessel that exits the testes, it emanates from the testes, passes above the base of the thighs into the stomach, and then travels a long way up the back of the stomach to join the main artery (the renal or inferior vena cava). A normal spermatic vein protects the function of the testes by expelling toxins through the spermatic vein, while the flow of blood from the spermatic vein reduces the temperature of the testes. Varicocele can be divided into primary varicocele and secondary varicocele in terms of its cause. The spermatic veins have valves that control the unidirectional flow of blood. If the valves are defective, the blood flows in both directions and the blood flow is reversed, which increases the resistance of the vessels and thickens the varicose veins. In this case, toxins in the testes cannot be discharged in time, while blood flow stagnation leads to increased testicular temperature and impaired testicular function, which may lead to infertility. The poor blood flow may lead to scrotal swelling and discomfort. These are the so-called “primary varicocele”, but there are also some conditions that may lead to varicocele, such as large tumors compressing the spermatic vein around the spermatic vein pathway area, or blockage of the converging trunk due to tumors or blood clots, which can lead to obstruction of the spermatic vein reflux and varicocele, also known as “secondary varicocele”. The goal of treating primary varicocele is to improve infertility and relieve symptoms such as scrotal discomfort, which can be achieved by ligation of the spermatic veins using a variety of surgical procedures, or embolization of the spermatic veins to restore testicular function. Treatment of secondary varicocele focuses on removing the cause.