Functional Constipation Rome Criteria: 1. 2 or more of the following must be met: (1) Effortful bowel movements (at least 1 in every 4 bowel movements). (2) Lumpy or hard stool (at least 1 in 4 bowel movements). (3) A feeling of incomplete defecation (at least 1 in 4 bowel movements). (4) Feeling of anorectal obstruction and/or blockage (at least 1 in 4 bowel movements). (5) Requires manual manipulation (e.g., finger-assisted defecation, pelvic floor support for defecation) to facilitate defecation (1 out of every 4 defecations). (6) Defecation is less than 3 times per week. 2. Little to no loose stools without laxatives. 3. Inadequate conditions for the diagnosis of IBS. Symptoms have been present for at least 6 months prior to diagnosis, and the above criteria have been met for the last 3 months.