In the hospital clinic, we often encounter parents who say, “My child is either ADHD or inattentive and distracted in class” as soon as they enter. In fact, this phenomenon is not uncommon. The general understanding of ADHD is the kind of child who jumps up and down and can’t sit still for a moment. Here’s what we’ll learn. ADHD is the common name for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or “ADHD” for short, and is the most common behavioral disorder in school-age children, with a prevalence of 3-5%, which is equivalent to 2 to 3 children with ADHD in every class of 50 children. 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics ADHD in Children/Adolescents Guidelines have expanded the diagnostic range from 6-12 years of age, to 4-18 years of age. Two symptoms are prominent: distraction and hyperactivity. Depending on the combination of symptoms, ADHD is medically classified into three types: attention deficit, hyperactive-impulsive, and mixed. The highest percentage of ADHD is mixed type, accounting for 50-60%, while attention deficit type is 30%-40% and hyperactive-impulsive type is 5%-10%, and it is common in young children or children of young ages. The seemingly quiet children may also suffer from ADHD, and may be attention deficit type, such children look quiet and introverted, attention span in class is very short, distracted, dazed, often do not know what the teacher asked questions, or even by the teacher’s reminder startled, and talk with them is also distracted, homework procrastination speed is very slow, some will also do small movements, but no big movements, do not affect the Other students, this type of child is less likely to get attention, but it is particularly harmful to the child. It is easier for people to understand the mixed type of ADHD. Such children not only have attention deficits and are easily distracted, but also cannot sit still, make small movements, talk to their surrounding classmates, and often violate classroom discipline, which is easier to draw the attention of teachers and parents, and can also be diagnosed earlier. ADHD affects children’s learning, peer and interpersonal relationships, and daily life, and affects their mental health, combining oppositional defiance, conduct disorder, tic disorder, anxiety and depression, and other co-morbidities. What causes ADHD in children? The cause of ADHD is complex, but it is generally believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors that lead to metabolic disorders and low concentrations of certain important chemicals in the child’s central nervous system that are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses (e.g., norepinephrine, dopamine, etc., which are medically known as neurotransmitters), thus weakening their normal function and preventing the child from effectively filtering extraneous stimuli entering the brain. As a result, the child reacts indiscriminately to any external stimuli, and therefore, at the first sign of wind, he or she becomes inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive. Many people believe that ADHD is a “proprietary” disease of children, but follow-up studies have found that if not treated in a timely manner, more than 50% of ADHD patients will continue to have symptoms into adulthood, which can be manifested as job instability, frequent job hopping, poor interpersonal relationships, driving violations, etc. Children grow up only once, and if there is a problem, early diagnosis and treatment is crucial. Current national and international treatment guidelines recommend medication as the basis of treatment for ADHD in children. The main medications used to treat ADHD are a central stimulant and a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, or tomoxetine. Due to the low social awareness of this disease, the lack of full-time physicians and irregular treatment, the consultation rate of children with ADHD in China is less than 1%, and some patients stop taking the medication after the symptoms are reduced, as well as not increasing to the full dose. After the symptoms are controlled by medication, the treatment should be continued for more than six months, and the specialist can decide whether to stop the medication only after the evaluation. In addition to medication, our hospital also has EEG biofeedback training, sand tray psychotherapy, sensory training, learning ability training, parental behavior management courses, etc. Doctors can choose the treatment method according to the specific situation. After a full course of regular treatment, children with ADHD can achieve a good prognosis, with a success rate of 68%, indicating that ADHD in children is a treatable and effective disease. At home and abroad now advocate comprehensive treatment: first, medication, which is the basic treatment, according to the actual situation of children to medication; second, behavior therapy, behavior therapy for young children is the leading treatment. In the treatment, there are different main directions for different age groups; third is psychotherapy, which is a combination of four aspects: children, doctors, parents and teachers. Through comprehensive treatment, the child’s symptoms can be improved to the maximum extent and recovered. The “Changzhou Children’s ADHD Care Week” is a long-term public welfare disease diagnosis and popularization program, held from August 15 to 17, 2012 in the first floor lobby of the outpatient building of Changzhou First People’s Hospital, to build a “green consultation platform” for the timely and standardized treatment of local children. “The program provides free medical consultation, free screening, disease consultation, patient education and other services. Parents can bring their children to the hospital for professional consultation to achieve early detection and early treatment. Children with the following conditions should promptly go to the hospital for consultation: The first situation: homework procrastination, only willing to write when the teacher or parents keep an eye on them, playing while writing, taking several times as long to finish the homework; the second situation: children are very smart, but always distracted in class, many small movements, do not comply with classroom discipline, and unsatisfactory academic performance.