Hyperuricemia is not a kidney disease, but hyperuricemia can cause kidney disease. Hyperuricemia can lead to uric acid nephropathy, uric acid kidney stones, and acute kidney failure. Uric acid nephropathy is mainly caused by uric acid salt damage to the renal tubules, and uric acid crystals deposited in the kidney can form uric acid kidney stones. Uric acid crystals blocking the renal tubules can cause acute kidney failure, which requires dialysis treatment. Therefore, if you have hyperuricemia, you need to control uric acid actively. In patients without clinical symptoms, blood uric acid needs to be treated with uric acid-lowering therapy if it is >520umol/L, and blood uric acid needs to be controlled below 360umol/L. The drugs to lower uric acid are those that inhibit uric acid formation, such as allopurinol and febuxostat, and those that promote uric acid excretion, such as benzbromarone. Long-term hyperuricemia and lack of effective control of uric acid can cause uric acid nephropathy, and as the disease progresses, the kidney function decreases until the end stage of renal failure, uremia, and once the symptoms of uremia appear, renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment, is required.