Urinary tract infections are so common in clinical work that many patients can diagnose urinary tract infections themselves. We know that frequent, urgent and painful urination are common symptoms of urinary tract infections, so once they occur, we blindly take antibiotics with poor results and are very distressed, not knowing that we have made a mistake in our own diagnosis. Besides urinary tract infections, what other diseases can cause frequent and urgent urination? In fact, there are many diseases that can cause frequent and urgent urination, including urinary tuberculosis, bladder tumors, bladder stones, ureteral end stones, bladder urethral dysfunctional disease and overactive bladder. Overactive bladder disorder is actually a common and frequent disease, and according to statistics, there may be more than 100 million patients suffering from overactive bladder disorder in China, but it is such a common and frequent disease that is easily overlooked. Overactive bladder disorder and urinary tract infections have similar symptoms, both with frequent and urgent urination, so it is easy to misdiagnose. In fact, the symptoms of these two diseases are still different. The most obvious symptom of overactive bladder syndrome is urinary urgency, which in common parlance means that the feeling of urge to urinate is very strong and cannot be delayed, often accompanied by urinary frequency and urge incontinence, usually without painful urination, while urinary tract infections often have urinary frequency, urgency and painful urination, sometimes with symptoms of hematuria. Although overactive bladder does not pose a threat to a person’s life, it can seriously affect a patient’s quality of life, such as frequent trips to the bathroom, being forced to drink less water, being afraid to participate in social activities and avoiding sex for fear of leaking urine, etc. In addition, overactive bladder can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections. The OABSS score is a good, easy-to-use tool that tells you how likely you are to have overactive bladder with four multiple-choice questions. If the score exceeds a set value, it is important to receive further diagnosis at a regular hospital promptly. How is overactive bladder treated? The preferred treatment is oral M-blockers combined with behavioral therapy, which is generally very effective.