Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a common disease with a high prevalence in the general population, with significant regional variations, for which no epidemiological data are available in China. The most important allergenic pollens in summer and autumn in the northern region are Artemisia, grass and quinoa pollens. Pollen dispersal is closely related to climatic factors, with high pollen concentrations in the air in windy and dry weather, resulting in more severe symptoms in patients, and low pollen concentrations in rainy and humid weather, resulting in less severe symptoms in patients. The typical symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by pollen in summer and autumn are: episodes of nasal itching, sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion, some patients have itchy eyes, red eyes and tearing. Some patients also have similar symptoms in spring. The most important thing is that some patients can gradually develop seasonal asthma. Of all summer and fall hay fever patients, 37% will develop seasonal asthma within 5 years of a rhinitis attack and 47% within 9 years. Very few patients may develop summer and fall pollen-induced asthma 20 to 30 years after a rhinitis episode. Since the development of rhinitis to asthma in most patients is concentrated in the young-adult stage of 25-54 and the process takes 5-10 years, the proportion of patients with summer and autumn hay fever with rhinitis alone is higher before the age of 34; the proportion of asthma increases after the age of 35, but also 18% of patients have the first attack of rhinitis and asthma in the same year. The basic principle of specific immunotherapy is to select the allergens to which the patient is sensitive and inject them several times in small amounts so that the patient gradually develops tolerance to the allergens and the clinical symptoms are reduced accordingly. Specific immunotherapy cannot cure allergic diseases, but it can stop the progression of allergic rhinitis to asthma. In its guiding document on immunotherapy of allergic diseases, the World Health Organization states that specific immunotherapy is the only method currently available to stop the natural course of allergic diseases. Therefore, for patients with allergic rhinitis, specific immunotherapy should be started as early as possible to prevent the development of asthma; for patients with existing asthma, specific immunotherapy should be more aggressively administered to prevent further aggravation of asthma. Allergy to dust mites and molds can also be treated with immunotherapy to stop the progression of the disease. In the early stage of immunotherapy, antihistamine and asthma drugs are still needed. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma, the upper and lower respiratory tracts should be taken into account, and in addition to the drugs for rhinitis or asthma respectively, drugs that are effective for both should be used in combination.