Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma develop ascites, which may have multiple causes:
- Combined cirrhosis, portal hypertension, which is the most common cause;
- spontaneous bacterial peritonitis;
- hepatocellular carcinoma combined with inferior vena cava carcinoma thrombosis;
- peritoneal implant metastasis;
- Hepatocellular carcinoma rupture and bleeding.
The cause of ascites formation can be identified by ascites puncture:
- Absitus due to portal hypertension generally presents as a yellow clarified fluid;
- Absitus due to peritonitis is usually a yellow turbid fluid;
- Neoplastic ascites is usually a light red or red bloody fluid.