The standard term for a leuko test is “vaginal discharge test”, which is used to determine the general type of vaginal inflammation and the direction of treatment. The test is very simple. During a gynecological pelvic examination, the doctor applies a swab to the vaginal discharge and sends it for testing without any discomfort. On visual inspection, normal leukorrhea should be white or slightly yellowish, with a high or low volume (related to the menstrual cycle) and slightly sticky. If the leukorrhea is noticeably yellow or even green, bloody, frothy, or “tofu-like”, it may indicate a vulvovaginal disorder. The leukorrhea is usually odorless or has a slight “fishy” odor, but if it has a distinct fishy or sour odor, it is also indicative of a problem. Microscopic examination is the primary means of examining the leukorrhea. Microscopic examination shows vaginal epithelial cells and the presence of “epithelial cells” in the report is not a cause for concern. If you see trichomonas under the microscope, you will be diagnosed with “trichomoniasis” in combination with clinical symptoms. If fungal hyphae or spores are seen, then fungal vaginitis should be considered. If no trichomonas or fungus is seen, but medium to large numbers of leukocytes are seen, then bacterial vaginitis should be considered in conjunction with the patient’s symptoms. If the words “clue cells (+)” appear in the report, then it is likely that the patient has “bacterial vaginosis”. Chemical examination of the leukorrhea includes pH measurement and leukocyte esterase test. The pH of vaginal discharge is around 3.8-4.5 (slightly acidic), and a significant pH deviation from the normal range is often indicative of a different type of infection. The significance of a positive leukocyte esterase is similar to that of seeing white blood cells under the microscope. It is important to emphasize that the leukocyte test is subject to many interfering factors, such as intravaginal use of medications, vaginal washing, and sexual intercourse, which may affect the accuracy of the results. In addition, the absence of trichomonas or fungus seen under the microscope does not rule out the diagnosis of trichomonas or fungal vaginitis, but must be combined with symptoms and visual examination. The presence of a small amount of white blood cells in the leukorrhea should not be too stressful, as a small amount of white blood cells alone without any symptoms cannot diagnose vaginitis.