What are the prevention and care measures for pressure sores?

  (1) Improve the general nutritional status of patients: for those who are bedridden for a long time, malignant and sick, attention should be paid to strengthen nutrition, and give high protein and high vitamin diets according to their conditions. Those who cannot eat should be given nasal feeding and, if necessary, rehydration, blood transfusion and intravenous infusion of highly nutritious substances to enhance resistance and tissue repair ability.  (2) Tools used to prevent pressure sores: Pressure-reducing facilities include dynamic pressure-reducing facilities and static pressure-reducing facilities. Dynamic pressure-reducing facilities such as air beds are ideal for preventing pressure sores, using electronic inflatable pumps to inflate or exhaust the air at regular intervals, thereby changing the contact area between the body and the mattress and reducing local pressure.  (3) Treatment: The treatment of pressure sores has taken the form of comprehensive treatment measures with local treatment as the primary treatment and systemic treatment as a supplement. It is currently believed that moistening under aseptic conditions is beneficial to the formation of traumatic epithelial cells, promoting the growth of traumatic granulation tissue and the healing of traumatic surfaces, and keeping the traumatic surfaces of pressure sores moist. Some studies have proved that the treatment of pressure sores with wet healing therapy is satisfactory and can reduce the number of dressing changes and shorten the treatment time. According to the different stages of pressure sore wounds, choose the appropriate new dressing. The transparent patch, transparent sacral tail patch and enhanced pressure-reducing patch of Comyeel wound care series have hydrocolloid components, which can improve local blood supply and oxygen supply through the change of oxygen partial pressure of the skin, its surface is smooth and friction is small, which can reduce the shearing force of the pressure area, and at the same time can absorb skin secretions and keep the normal PH value and suitable temperature of the skin. It can also absorb skin secretions and maintain normal skin pH and temperature. It can prevent and care for stage I pressure sores. For pressure sores that are deep to the bone and poorly treated by conservative treatment, surgical treatment can be used to accelerate healing.  (4) Psychological care: Pressure sores mostly occur in the elderly who are bedridden for a long time or in those who cannot take care of themselves because of spinal cord injury or limb paralysis. They often feel pain because of the prolonged course of the disease and are prone to negative inferiority complexes such as anxiety, pessimism and despair, and lose confidence in the treatment of the disease, so nursing staff should adopt a variety of communication skills and communicate with patients, comfort them patiently and actively channel them to promote early physical recovery.  (5) Carry out health education to prevent the occurrence of pressure sores through indirect knowledge of the occurrence, development and prevention and care of pressure sores to family members, so that they also learn and master the skills to prevent pressure sores and actively participate in the prevention and care of pressure sores. At the same time, strengthen management to improve all nursing staff’s full awareness and attention to pressure sores, focusing on improving nurses’ judgment, observation, understanding, and work skills, familiarizing them with the preferred sites of pressure sores, assessing high-risk groups, and working to achieve a targeted approach.