1.How do I know I have hepatitis B? Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is defined as HBsAg positivity lasting for more than 6 months. If the liver function is normal, it is called chronic hepatitis B virus carrier. Chronic hepatitis B virus carriers need to review liver function and other necessary tests every 6 to 12 months. 2.What about HBsAg positive pregnant women? Pregnant women with positive HBsAg whose newborns are at high risk of hepatitis B virus infection, regardless of their hepatitis B virus DNA level, must be injected with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth, in addition to hepatitis B vaccination. 3.When can a hepatitis B patient get pregnant? Before a woman with chronic hepatitis B virus infection plans to become pregnant, it is best to have her liver function evaluated by a specialist in infection or hepatology. Infected women with normal liver function can have a normal pregnancy; those with abnormal liver function can have a normal pregnancy if they recover after treatment and are rechecked normally more than 6 months after stopping the medication. 4. Does antiviral treatment for hepatitis B have any effect on the fetus? Pregnancy during antiviral treatment must be done with caution. Because interferon can inhibit fetal growth, adefovir and entecavir have adverse effects on fetal development or teratogenic effects, so contraception must be used during use, and contraindicated during the first 6 months of pregnancy and during pregnancy. Tenofovir and telbivudine belong to pregnancy drug class B and have no significant effect on the fetus when used in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. Nevertheless, if pregnancy occurs during the use of any antiviral drugs, it is advisable to consult a relevant physician to decide whether to terminate the pregnancy or to continue antiviral treatment. 5. How should pregnant women with hepatitis B be followed up? After pregnancy, liver function must be reviewed regularly in chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients, especially in the early and late stages of pregnancy. If the liver function is normal at the first test, if there are no clinical symptoms of hepatitis, it should be rechecked once every 1~2 months; if the ALT level is elevated but does not exceed 2 times the normal value (<80 U/L) and there is no elevated bilirubin level, there is no need for medication, but rest is still needed and rechecked at an interval of 1~2 weeks; if the ALT level is elevated more than 2 times the normal value (i.e. >80 U/L) or the bilirubin level is elevated. If the ALT level is more than 2 times the normal value (i.e. >80 U/L), or if the bilirubin level is elevated, it is necessary to consult a relevant professional physician, and if necessary, hospitalization, and in serious cases, termination of pregnancy. 6.Can HBIG be used during late pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission? No, the application of HBIG to pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infection in late pregnancy cannot prevent mother-to-child transmission. 7.Do HBeAg-negative infected pregnant women need antiviral treatment? High levels of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women are a major risk factor for mother-to-child transmission, and reducing the amount of virus can reduce mother-to-child transmission. When a pregnant woman is HBsAg-positive but HBeAg-negative, her newborn has a protection rate of 98% to 100% after regular prevention. Therefore, there is no need to use antiviral therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission in HBeAg-negative infected pregnant women. 5%-15% of newborns of HBeAg-positive pregnant women still develop chronic hepatitis B virus infection after regular prophylaxis. However, HBeAg-positive pregnant women cannot be used as an indication for routine antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission. 8. Do pregnant women with hepatitis B need antiviral therapy for abnormal liver function? Abnormal liver function during pregnancy does not increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus in hepatitis B-infected patients, and most pregnant women will return to normal liver function after delivery. Therefore, routine anti-hepatitis B virus treatment cannot be given to those with abnormal liver function, and the indications for anti-hepatitis B virus treatment should be strictly controlled. 9.Can cesarean delivery reduce mother-to-child transmission? Cesarean delivery cannot reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, so pregnant women with hepatitis B cannot choose cesarean delivery for this purpose. 10.How to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus? Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B virus infection. When a pregnant woman is HBsAg negative, regardless of the antibodies related to hepatitis B virus, the newborn baby will be vaccinated according to the “0, 1, 6 months” program without HBIG. When a pregnant woman is HBsAg positive, regardless of whether HBeAg is positive or negative, the newborn baby must be vaccinated with HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine in a timely manner (0, 1, 6 months 3-dose program). 3-dose regimen at 6 months). If the pregnant woman’s HBsAg result is unknown, it is better to give HBIG to the newborn if possible. 11.Is the immunoprophylaxis for preterm infants the same as that for full-term infants? Premature infants have immature immune systems and usually require 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Premature infants of HBsAg-negative pregnant women with stable vital signs and birth weight ≥2,000 g can be vaccinated according to the 3-dose program at 0, 1 and 6 months, and it is better to strengthen 1 dose at 1~2 years old; if the vital signs of preterm infants are unstable, they should first deal with related diseases and then be vaccinated according to the above program after they are stable. If the preterm infant is <2,000 g, the 1st vaccination should be given after the weight reaches 2,000 g (if the weight does not reach 2,000 g before discharge, the 1st vaccination should be given before discharge); after 1~2 months, the vaccination should be re-administered according to the 3-dose protocol for 0, 1 and 6 months. Premature infants of HBsAg-positive pregnant women must be given HBIG intramuscularly within 12 h after birth, regardless of their physical condition, and another injection is required after an interval of 3~4 weeks. If the vital signs are stable, there is no need to consider the weight, and the 1st injection will be given as soon as possible; if the vital signs are unstable, the 1st injection will be given as soon as possible after stabilization; after 1~2 months or after the weight reaches 2,000 g, the vaccination will be given again according to the 3 injection protocol for 0, 1 and 6 months. 12.How should the newborns of HBsAg-positive pregnant women be followed up? Newborns of HBsAg-positive pregnant women need to be followed up with hepatitis B two-to-one. However, for newborns without symptoms of hepatitis, it is not recommended to test hepatitis B two-pair half before 6 months of age. The appropriate time for follow-up is 1 month after the 3rd vaccination (7 months of age) to 12 months of age; if not, follow-up is still required after 12 months of age. 13.Can I get the hepatitis B vaccine during pregnancy? If a woman of childbearing age has a negative pre-pregnancy screening test for hepatitis B, it is best to receive the hepatitis B vaccine (10 or 20 μg) before pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs during the vaccination period, no special treatment is required and the full course of vaccination can be completed, as the hepatitis B vaccine has no significant adverse effects on the pregnant woman or the fetus. 14.Does the newborn baby need to be vaccinated with HBIG if the father is HBsAg-positive? When a pregnant woman is HBsAg negative but the father of the newborn is HBsAg positive, she is usually in close contact with the newborn due to caring for him, which increases his risk of infection, therefore, it is better for the newborn to be injected with HBIG.