1. Confirmation of cataract
If you feel that you have had difficulty seeing in one eye (both eyes) in recent years or recently, first go to the outpatient clinic (fourth floor) and register for a consultation to confirm that you have a cataract (which eye, both eyes?). Which eye is more serious?) If you have cataracts, you should check whether you have other eye diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes. Can the fundus be seen? What is the condition of the fundus? Do you have diabetic retinopathy? Do some tests if necessary. If diagnosed, you should know whether it is one or both eyes? Which eye is serious?
2. Decide whether to have surgery after diagnosis
If you decide to have cataract surgery (see if it is suitable with your doctor’s opinion), which eye should be operated on (usually the more serious eye should be operated on first)? Whether to operate or not should also be decided according to your vision requirements, your work and life needs, your general health condition, etc.
3.Pre-surgery examination
Routine blood tests, clarification of general condition, whether there are infections, etc.
Infectious disease examination
Fasting blood glucose, high fasting blood glucose will increase the chance of infection (serious endophthalmitis, removal of the eye), incision does not heal, generally higher than 8 mmol/L can not operate, to be reduced to 8 below before surgery.
Coagulation four, clear coagulation function is normal, if not normal will lead to intraoperative bleeding more than, postoperative bleeding and other conditions.
Electrocardiogram, to understand the function of the heart
Chest X-ray, to understand the lung and heart condition (whether there are infectious diseases and some other serious systemic diseases)
Eye A. Ultrasound, corneal curvature, understanding the fundus (rough estimation of the fundus, as most patients cannot see the fundus, it is impossible to make a detailed and accurate assessment of the fundus, ultrasound can find out whether the net is detached and other conditions). Measurement of the eye to calculate the number of IOLs to be placed in the eye.
Corneal endothelial cell count, understanding of corneal function, and preliminary assessment of prognosis
Perform liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, cardiac ultrasound and other examinations according to the patient’s general condition.
4, the choice of artificial lens
The basic process of cataract surgery is to cut out the existing cloudy lens and put in a clear artificial lens. Therefore, patients and their families should choose an IOL before surgery. In general, most manufacturers produce many types of lenses suitable for patients, but each lens has its own characteristics, so it is necessary to choose carefully before surgery. There are two main types of artificial lenses: hard and soft, hard cannot be folded and the surgical incision is relatively large, soft can be folded and the surgical incision is relatively small. Any IOL can be used for more than 50 years, which means there is no need to consider the issue of “shelf life”. In general, the following points should be taken into account when choosing a lens
a. Your financial situation
A good post-operative vision is directly related to your own fundus and other eye conditions, and the lens you choose is not very relevant, the lens is transparent, light transmission performance are very good, if the post-operative vision is not good, absolutely not because you choose a bad lens. Therefore, when making a choice do not just pursue high prices, mainly according to their own economic situation.
b. Special requirements for vision
After the artificial lens is installed, the general eye does not have the function of adjustment, that is to say, either see far clear, or see near clear (generally wear presbyopic glasses when reading newspapers), in recent years, there are adjustable multifocal crystals available for patients to choose (higher prices, young people, high vision requirements recommended).
c. Age
Infants and children are recommended to choose the one with good stability after implantation, young people are recommended to choose folding crystals, elderly people can choose them all, patients with diabetic disease diagnosed diabetic retinal disease are recommended to choose general or hard crystals can be chosen, patients with fundus disease should choose carefully (taking into account whether to perform fundus surgery later, etc.).
d.Some special crystals
Aspheric: It is closer to the natural young human lens in terms of optical performance, and the initial clinical applications also confirm its ability to improve contrast sensitivity and enable patients to obtain better functional vision.
Blue light filtering: protects the retinal pigment epithelial cells in the fundus.
Multifocal: satisfies near and far vision, improves contrast sensitivity, reduces aberrations, and improves functional visual acuity
5.Sign the surgery consent form
The main purpose is to let patients and their families understand the surgical procedure and pre- and post-operative precautions as well as post-operative complications, and to truly give informed consent.
6.Pre-operative preparation
When the above points are achieved and the appointment has been made to prepare for the surgery, the patient should pay attention to the following: before the surgery, point anti-inflammatory eye medication (chloramphenicol or Dimethoate), three times a day, point the eye ready for surgery. On the morning of the surgery, arrive at the hospital at 7:30 a.m., go to the nurses’ station on the 5th floor to have your blood pressure measured, flush your tear ducts, and at the same time (7:30 a.m.) start ordering dilating eye medication (compound tropicamide ophthalmic) and ordering the eye for surgery, once every 5 minutes, 8 times (or more). Then go to the door of the operating room on the fourth floor and wait for the surgery while you prepare the money (for free, prepare the difference in the price of the lens, which is the price of the more expensive lens you choose minus the price of the free lens, and for self-pay, prepare the cost of the lens and the surgery). Pay attention to the name called by the nurse while waiting, and the nurse will arrange to pay the fee and enter the operating room.
7.Post-operative attention
After the surgery, apply antibiotics to the whole body for three days (eat anti-inflammatory drugs for three days), come to the examination room at 8:00 am on time the next morning to change the medication and check the eye condition, and come for a review one week later. Local application of anti-inflammatory eye medication after the postoperative drug change, generally apply one month of postoperative eye medication (specific according to the condition).
In addition: if you complete all the examinations and preoperative preparations, you can schedule the surgery as soon as possible.