1.What is coronary heart disease? People often say, “I have coronary heart disease.” In fact, this phrase is very vague. Because heart disease refers to all heart-related diseases, such as: coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and so on. The most threatening of heart diseases to human is coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is short for “atherosclerotic heart disease”. The blood vessel that supplies blood and oxygen to the heart is called “coronary artery”, as the name implies, we know that “coronary heart disease” means that there is an atheromatous plaque on the wall of the coronary artery that nourishes the heart. Severe atherosclerosis can lead to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle, which can manifest clinically as angina pectoris, arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest (or sudden cardiac death). 2. Is there a description of coronary heart disease in classical Chinese medicine? The female corpse excavated from the Mawangdui Han tomb in Changsha in 1972 showed severe coronary artery atherosclerosis, which indicates that coronary heart disease existed in China at least 2100 years ago. The name “heart pain” was first recorded in the “52 Recipes for Diseases” excavated from the Han tomb at Mawangdui. The classical medical masterpiece “Nei Jing” from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period of China has this description: “When the evil is in the heart, the disease is heartache” and “When the heartache is very severe, the person will die at the end of the day, or at the end of the day, and the hands and feet will be green to the section”. In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing formally introduced the name of chest paralysis in The Essentials of the Golden Horoscope, and believed that heart pain is a manifestation of chest paralysis, and that “chest paralysis is slow and urgent”, i.e. heart pain is characterized by occasional onset and slow onset, similar to the modern medical term of coronary heart disease. It is believed that the pathogenesis of the disease is based on Yang and Yin, and there is also a deficiency of heart qi, so there is a raspberry and allium soup, raspberry and allium white wine soup and ginseng soup to treat this disease. It also emphasizes that the treatment of chest paralysis should be based on the promotion of paralysis and the circulation of Yang, and the prescriptions contained therein are still clinically instructive today. 3. Is there a lot of coronary heart disease? Coronary heart disease is extremely common in Europe and the United States, accounting for about 1/3 to 1/2 of the mortality rate of the population and 50% to 75% of the number of deaths from heart disease in the United States. In China, the disease is not as common as in Europe and the United States, accounting for about 10%-20% of heart disease deaths, with Beijing and Tianjin being the highest. The mortality rate of this disease in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou was 21.7/100,000, 15.7/100,000 and 4.1/100,000 respectively in 70s, and increased to 62.0/100,000, 37.4/100,000 and 19.8/100,000 respectively in 80s. 4. Are elderly people bound to suffer from coronary heart disease? Older people are more likely to suffer from coronary heart disease than younger people, but it does not mean that people will definitely suffer from coronary heart disease once they reach old age. Pathological research shows that many elderly people die, autopsy found that their coronary artery intima is smooth, and there is no any lesion, some only have a slight lesion, but does not affect the heart function, so there can be no coronary heart disease, angina symptoms before life. On the contrary, coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction patients are not uncommon among people in their 20s and 30s. 5.Who belongs to the high-risk group of coronary heart disease? Coronary heart disease is largely caused by a series of risk factors: smoking high cholesterol high blood pressure diabetes or high postprandial glucose obesity lack of exercise excessive work stress excessive alcohol consumption family history of cardiovascular disease If you have the above conditions, you should be alerted to actively take appropriate measures, such as lowering blood pressure, lowering sugar, lowering lipids, quit smoking, etc., to prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease, medically known as “Coronary heart disease primary prevention”, that is, “prevention of morbidity”. 6, obese people are easy to get coronary heart disease? Obesity and coronary heart disease has a great relationship, first, overweight people obviously increase angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and the risk of death from coronary heart disease; Second, some expert research proved that in 5000 cases of 26 years of long-term follow-up of overweight people, after correction of age, blood pressure and other factors, found that obesity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease; Third, in 5260 cases (half of the number of men and women) long-term follow-up found that, with Fourth, the distribution of fat in the body is positively correlated with the degree of coronary stenosis, the more obese the degree of coronary stenosis, the more powerful the fat in the blood can form thrombus in the coronary, resulting in myocardial infarction; Fifth, postoperative complications such as wound infection, wound rupture and bleeding are increased in obese patients who received bypass surgery, Sixth, the relative risk of death in obese patients undergoing bypass surgery is 7.4 times higher than that of normal weight patients. Obesity can cause the change of heart function and structure. Because the heart’s circulating blood volume and output increase after weight increase, the circulating resistance decreases, therefore, the left ventricular wall tension increases, the left ventricular hypertrophy and the diastolic and systolic force is impaired, and finally causes congestive heart failure. In addition, obese people are prone to sleep apnea, resulting in pulmonary hypertension, and then the formation of right ventricular hypertrophy, which also has an impact on the heart. In summary, it can be seen that obese people are more likely to get coronary heart disease. 7, diet and the development of coronary heart disease have a relationship? The formation of coronary heart disease and endocrine, mental, nervous, blood coagulation, genetic factors, etc., and diet is a crucial factor. Long-term intake of excessive animal fat and high cholesterol food is a risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. However, if the diet structure is changed and the diet is rationally formulated, atherosclerosis can be controlled or even reversed. High-fat diet is the main factor causing cardiovascular diseases and some cancers, and diet with high fat and cholesterol content is especially the main culprit of cardiovascular diseases, so you should eat less fatty meat and high-fat snacks and other foods with high fat content. 8. How does cholesterol play a role in the formation of coronary atherosclerosis? When it comes to coronary atherosclerosis, people naturally think of cholesterol. Both animal experiments and clinical practice have confirmed that high total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the blood are the most important and dangerous factors causing coronary heart disease. Therefore, some people regard cholesterol as a beast and think that the lower it is, the better it is, but this is actually a misconception. However, cholesterol is an important lipid molecule in the cell, which is an important component in regulating the overall and local physiological functions of the cell, as well as an important substance in the cell membrane. Therefore, it is necessary to look at cholesterol dialectically and evaluate its merits and demerits correctly. People usually refer to the four main components of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. According to epidemiological surveys and clinical studies, the first two are indeed the main culprits of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. When triglycerides are increased and HDL cholesterol is decreased, it becomes a susceptibility factor for coronary heart disease, but when triglycerides are increased and HDL cholesterol is normal, it does not necessarily cause atherosclerosis. The increase of HDL cholesterol not only does not cause coronary heart disease, but also prevents it, so it can be seen that there are “good” and “bad” cholesterol. According to a large number of epidemiological data and clinical studies around the world over the past 20 years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease can be reduced by 30%-35% in patients with coronary heart disease if the elevated total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in the blood are lowered to normal levels for a long time through effective lipid-regulating drugs, but cardiovascular disease still occurs in 60%-70% of patients. Therefore, it was proposed to lower triglycerides and raise HDL cholesterol on this basis to see if cardiovascular disease could be further reduced, and the results were encouraging, with a further 22% reduction in cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in addition to lowering total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, raising HDL cholesterol has become an important measure to prevent and treat coronary heart disease. According to years of research by medical doctors, as long as serum HDL cholesterol is raised to 1 mmol/L, the incidence of coronary heart disease can be greatly reduced, but excessive raising cannot further reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease, and it is up to the specialist to decide how to reasonably use lipid regulating drugs. High cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, but low cholesterol can also affect some physiological functions of the body, which can damage health and cause disease. For this reason, nutritionists say that it is important to consume a small amount of foods containing saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, with a daily intake of less than 300 mg. However, most people in the industry believe that the elderly, especially those suffering from coronary heart disease, hypertension, arteriosclerosis or caution or do not eat lard, butter, animal offal and quail eggs, cuttlefish and other high cholesterol food is appropriate. 9.Is smoking a risk factor for coronary heart disease? What harm does it do to the coronary arteries and heart? Smoking is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. The carbon monoxide and nicotine in tobacco smoke can cause tissue and myocardial hypoxia, induce coronary spasm, increase blood viscosity, interfere with lipid metabolism, and promote the deposition of cholesterol-like substances; long-term smoking can reduce coronary vasodilatation, increase platelet aggregation, which leads to and aggravates the formation of coronary atheroma; smoking changes the composition of blood lipids, reducing high-density lipoprotein, increasing low-density lipoprotein, serum The antioxidant effect is reduced, which promotes the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. For some younger patients, excessive smoking is a key factor in the development of acute myocardial infarction. The mortality rate for coronary heart patients is 2.8 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Smoking is responsible for 21% of all deaths in heart patients and more than doubles the chance of heart disease, so patients with coronary heart disease must quit smoking. 10.Is coronary heart disease related to low physical activity and mental stress? Yes. A sedentary lifestyle is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The incidence of coronary heart disease increases 2.5 to 4 times for people who are sedentary 80% of the day, and the mechanism may be related to central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and poor lipid clearance ability. Many studies have shown that the risk of coronary heart disease is 2 to 3 times higher in people with high mental stress than in people with low mental stress, and the age of onset is earlier. Excessive mental stress can cause hyperadrenaline secretion, vasoconstriction and increased blood viscosity, which can cause hypertension and atherosclerosis. Although mental stress is not a direct cause of cardiovascular disease, it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. With the accelerated pace of modern life, modern people face more mental stress than ever before, and thus the incidence of coronary heart disease has increased. The incidence of coronary heart disease is 2.5 to 4 times higher in brain workers than in the general population. It may be due to long-term mental work, mental stress caused by neurological and endocrine dysfunction, increased blood catecholamines, corticosteroid levels, increased blood pressure; can also cause disorders of lipid metabolism, blood cholesterol levels periodically increased; further affect the coagulation mechanism, platelet aggregation increased, easy to form thrombosis.