Is laparoscopic surgery indicated for colorectal cancer liver metastasis?

  Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and liver metastases may occur in up to 50% of patients in the period after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Among them, 10-25% of patients are suitable for surgical resection of liver metastases, and effective chemotherapy will also increase the resection rate of liver tumors. To date, surgical resection is the most effective treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Generally speaking, patients with good liver function and expected to be compensated by the remaining liver after resection are suitable for surgical treatment regardless of the number of tumors.  Then, is laparoscopic treatment applicable to colorectal cancer liver metastasis? It depends on the following circumstances.  Concurrent liver metastasis: It refers to the presence of liver metastasis at the same time when colorectal cancer is found. In the 1990s, the view of simultaneous liver metastases from colorectal cancer was to remove the primary colorectal foci first and then perform liver surgery after 3~4 chemotherapy sessions, believing that simultaneous surgery was not conducive to patient recovery due to excessive trauma and many surgical complications. However, at the same time, many studies have shown that staged surgery may lead to the progression of liver lesions, resulting in the loss of surgical opportunities for patients and affecting the treatment outcome. In recent years, with the wide application of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer, while some large medical centers are skilled in laparoscopic liver surgery, although the surgical difficulty is high, laparoscopic simultaneous colorectal cancer resection and metastatic liver cancer resection can now be successfully opened in a few medical centers. For patients with simultaneous liver metastases from colorectal cancer suitable for surgical treatment, laparoscopic simultaneous colorectal cancer resection and metastatic liver resection can both reduce the risk of surgery and improve the treatment effect, which is the best treatment choice for simultaneous liver metastases from colorectal cancer.  Heterochronic liver metastasis: refers to liver metastasis that occurs 6 months after radical colorectal cancer surgery.  If colorectal cancer adopts laparoscopic surgery, the adhesions in the abdominal cavity are lighter, and the difficulty of laparoscopic surgery for liver metastases is basically equivalent to general laparoscopic liver surgery, which can be done with slight attention during surgery.  If open surgery is adopted for colorectal cancer, laparoscopic surgery for metastatic liver cancer is a challenge for surgeons because of the serious intra-abdominal adhesions. Surgeons must not only be skilled in laparoscopic liver surgery, but also be able to carefully and patiently separate intra-abdominal adhesions. Few medical centers currently perform this type of surgery. With the improvement of surgical skills, our hospital has accumulated a large number of successful examples of laparoscopic surgery for metastatic liver cancer after open surgery. Figure 1 shows a patient with liver metastasis after open rectal cancer, the long incision in the middle is the first surgical incision, and the four black dots around are the laparoscopic liver surgery incisions performed in our hospital; Figure 2 shows a patient with liver metastasis after open right hemicolectomy, the long incision is the first surgical incision, and the five punctures are the laparoscopic liver surgery incisions performed in our hospital. Figure 1 A patient with liver metastasis after open rectal cancer, the long incision in the middle is the first surgical incision, and the four black dots around are the laparoscopic liver surgery incisions performed in our hospital; Figure 2 A patient with liver metastasis after open right hemicolectomy, the long incision is the first surgical incision, and the five punctures are the laparoscopic liver surgery incisions performed in our hospital