Kidney stone is a common and frequent disease in urology, once suffering from kidney stone, the affected side of the lumbar pain will occur in mild cases, or severe renal colic, which brings great pain to patients. In addition, kidney stones can easily cause hydronephrosis and urinary tract infection and eventually lead to the loss of kidney function and nephrectomy tragedy, so it should not be ignored! Diagnostic points: 1. Severe colic in the affected kidney area or epigastric region, and may radiate to the perineum. 2, pain followed by visual or microscopic hematuria. 3, colic attacks are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. 4.B ultrasound, X-ray plain film and intravenous pyelogram can detect and diagnose kidney stones. 5.Nephrograph: the stone side shows obstruction curve. The common treatment methods for kidney stones include conservative treatment, lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), ureteroscopy and open surgery. All of these treatment methods are available for clinical selection, however, for specific patients, the treatment method with relatively less damage and lower complication rate should be chosen according to the specific location of the stone in the kidney. 1.Conservative treatment: It is suitable for patients with stones < 6mm, the position of stones has the tendency to move downward, no obvious effect on kidney function and no urinary tract infection. Drink a lot of water, take Chinese medicine, apply antispasmodics, jumping activities, etc. 2.Lithotripsy: For uric acid stones, oral lithotripsy is the first choice of treatment. In addition, lithotripsy after lithotripsy can increase the speed of lithotripsy, and thus is suitable for patients with larger uric acid stones. Interventional lithotripsy by percutaneous puncture can completely remove the residual fragments of infected stones and reduce the risk of stone recurrence. This treatment can also be used as an adjunctive treatment for cystine stones. 3.Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): ESWL has the advantages of less trauma, fewer complications and no anesthesia, therefore, it has become the current standard treatment for kidney stones with diameter ≤20mm or surface area ≤300mm2. Our hospital has advanced extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter, with over 10,000 lithotripsy cases, and the good lithotripsy effect is a household name. 4. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL): PNL is an effective means to deal with huge kidney stones. Its main indications are: all kidney stones requiring open surgical intervention, including ① complete and incomplete deerstalker stones; ② kidney stones ≥2cm; ③ symptomatic stones in the renal calyces or diverticula; ④ stones that are difficult to be crushed by extracorporeal shock wave (ESWL) and failed to be treated. Recently, our department has carried out this operation under the guidance of urological stone experts, and gradually overcome the technical difficulties and bottlenecks, and achieved very good treatment results! Especially after the introduction of Holmium laser machine and the national patent stone removal and adsorption system (introduced in another article), the effect of stone fragmentation and stone removal is more obvious, which greatly promotes the development of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in our department. 5. Open surgery: Over the past 20 years, with the accumulation of more experience in successful treatment of kidney stones by endoluminal urological surgery, open surgery is now only applicable to some special cases. Among them, mainly those patients with stones that require simultaneous anatomical reconstruction.