Pulmonary solidification: A lesion in which the alveolar cavity accumulates plasma, fibrin and cellular components for any reason, resulting in a decrease in alveolar air content and a densification of the lung texture. The lung volume does not generally change (does not shrink) and may be slightly enlarged. Diagnosis: 1. History: (1) Age: Tuberculosis is common in young patients, and pneumococcal pneumonia may be seen in middle-aged and young adults. (2) Past medical history: history of hypertension, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, and possibly cardiogenic pulmonary edema. History of trauma, shock, severe infection, massive inhalation of harmful gases or high concentration of oxygen inhalation may be non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Those who are bedridden for a long time after surgery and have venous thrombosis of the lower extremities may have pulmonary infarction. With a history of radiation therapy, radiographic pneumonia is to be considered. Those with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis may have pulmonary infiltrates from the above-mentioned lesions. Immunocompetent transplant patients may have tuberculosis, pulmonary fungal infection, or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. [1] (3) History of exposure: especially history of residence in infected areas, etc. (2) Accompanying symptoms: chills, high fever, chest pain, coughing rust-colored sputum suggest lobar pneumonia; high fever, coughing large amount of purulent sputum may be lung abscess; low fever in the afternoon, night sweats, wasting, sputum blood may be tuberculosis; sudden onset of chest pain, hemoptysis, panic, dyspnea may be pulmonary infarction. 3.Concomitant signs: acute appearance, herpes in the mouth and lips, mostly seen in lobar pneumonia; cyanosis in the mouth and lips, respiratory distress, suggesting acute respiratory distress syndrome; butterfly-shaped facial erythema suggesting systemic lupus erythematosus; malformation of interphalangeal joints may be rheumatoid arthritis; enlargement of the cardiac turbinate and hyperacusis of the second heart sound in the pulmonary valve auscultation area may be seen in pulmonary infarction; tachycardia, gallop rhythm, and extensive wet rales in both lungs may be seen in cardiogenic Pulmonary edema. Pulmonary atelectasis: a decrease in the volume or air content of one or more lung segments or lobes. As a result of intra-alveolar gas absorption, atelectasis is usually associated with reduced translucency of the affected area, aggregation of adjacent structures (bronchi, pulmonary vessels, interstitial lung) into the atelectasis area, sometimes with solid alveolar cavities and compensatory emphysema of other lung tissues. Pulmonary atelectasis can be classified as either congenital or acquired. Diagnosis: 1. The diagnosis depends mainly on chest imaging, etiology, and the diagnosis needs to be combined with medical history. 2. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the etiology, the degree and extent of pulmonary atelectasis, the time of occurrence, and the severity of complications. 3, the onset of more rapid onset of one side of the large lobe pulmonary atelectasis, may have chest tightness, shortness of breath, dyspnea, dry cough, etc.. 4.When combined with infection, it may cause chest pain on the affected side, sudden onset of dyspnea and cyanosis, cough, wheezing, hemoptysis, pus sputum, chills and fever, tachycardia, increased body temperature, decreased blood pressure, and sometimes shock. 5. Slowly occurring pulmonary atelectasis or small pulmonary atelectasis may be asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, such as right middle lobe atelectasis. Physical examination of the chest shows that the thoracic activity at the lesion site is reduced or absent, the trachea and heart are shifted to the affected side, the percussion is turbid to solid, and the breath sounds are reduced or absent. Diffuse micro pulmonary atelectasis can cause dyspnea, shallow respiratory rate, hypoxemia, and reduced pulmonary compliance, and is often an early manifestation of respiratory distress syndrome in adults and neonates. 7. Chest auscultation may be normal or may detect twanging sounds, dry rales, and croup. When the lung atelectasis is large, cyanosis, cloudy percussion in the lesion area, and decreased breath sounds may be heard. On inspiration, dry or wet rales can be heard.