What diseases are included in the so-called ‘mental illness’? It is often unclear to the patient and is briefly described.
At present, the modern hospital clinical common diagnostic classification is the World Health Organization compilation of the Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders, 10th edition (ICD-10).
Mental disorders are divided into 10 major categories, which are.
1, organic mental disorders ;
2. Mental and behavioral disorders caused by the use of psychoactive substances;
3, schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders and delusional disorders
4.Mental (affective) disorders;
5.Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders;
6.Behavioral syndromes with physiological disorders and somatic factors;
7, adult personality and behavior disorders;
8.Mental retardation;
9.Psychological developmental disorders, behavioral and emotional disorders that usually start in childhood and adolescence;
10.Unspecified mental disorders.
In our psychiatric community, common mental disorders are traditionally divided into 5 major categories, which are easy to remember. Introduced as follows.
1, organic psychosis (including dementia in old age, psychosis due to somatic diseases). Characterized by.
(1) Loss of self-knowledge;
(2) Impairment of consciousness, or memory impairment, diminished intelligence.
2. Schizophrenia. Features are.
(1) lack of self-awareness;
(2) clear consciousness, but there are hallucinations and delusions and other psychotic symptoms.
3.Emotional psychosis. Characteristics are.
(1) Self-awareness;
(2) Generally no hallucinations and delusions;
(3) mainly manifested as periodic mood disorders.
4.Neurosis. Characterized by.
(1) with full self-awareness;
(2) No hallucinations and delusions;
(3) manifested as obsessive-compulsive, or anxiety, fear.
5.Personality disorder. Characteristic is: from childhood, increasingly serious abnormalities in personality and behavior, often able to recognize mistakes, but repeatedly taught.
Listed in the above category of diseases, can have the following party disease symptoms; made a diagnosis of the above category, no longer make the diagnosis below. For example, a category 2 disorder can have the symptoms of a category 3, 4, or 5 disorder, but not the symptoms of a category 1 disorder. In other words, schizophrenia can present similarly to depression or anxiety disorders, but will not present with Alzheimer’s disease. Depression would not present with the hallucinatory delusions typical of schizophrenia, but can present with anxiety or obsessions. Since a diagnosis of schizophrenia has been made, a diagnosis of depression should not be made. It should be noted, however, that depression and obsessions due to antipsychotics are not included in this list.
Therefore, once a family member is found to have a mental abnormality.
1, first look at the presence of self-awareness. Only for category 1 and 2 disorders, the patient has no self-knowledge. Therefore, if the person is mentally deranged but has no self-knowledge, and there is no impairment of consciousness, or memory impairment, or diminished intelligence, the possibility of organic psychosis can be ruled out; it can be said that that is schizophrenia and there is nothing wrong with it. If psychotic symptoms are found, the diagnosis is even more certain.
2, if there is self-awareness, then according to the symptom presentation, as well as the main complaint, you can make a diagnosis of affective psychosis, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, or anxiety disorder, etc. may be made. However, it is entirely possible that schizophrenia that has been treated has regained its self-knowledge and is not included in this list. Do not misdiagnose them as affective mental disorder again for this reason.
3. The above-mentioned category 1, 2, 3 and 4 disorders are not all such from an early age, but have a clear (or fairly obvious) demarcation line between normal and abnormal manifestations, that is, a clear time of onset. Type 5 disorders, personality disorders, on the other hand, are from early childhood to adulthood, good and bad, getting worse and worse; there is not a clear line of onset. This is an important difference.
4, on the issue of neurosis, there is a process of name change. In the 1980s, it was thought that obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, and so on, all had their own symptoms and should not be grouped under the general concept of ‘neurosis’, so the name was abandoned and disaggregated. As for neurasthenia, in the 1980s, it was a common term for neurosis. As for neurasthenia, research in the 1980s found that the majority of ‘neurasthenia’ cases were actually depression, so the diagnostic name ‘neurasthenia’ has been abandoned. As a result, the name ‘neurosis’ was gradually abandoned as well. As for ‘cardiac neurosis,’ ‘gastrointestinal neurosis,’ and ‘vegetative nervous disorder,’ which are often still used by internal and external physicians, they are actually atypical depressions, or somatic disorders whose origin has not been identified. or somatic diseases whose origin has not yet been identified; by definition, these names should no longer be so applied.
5. There is still a lot of controversy about the issue of dysthymia. Dysthymia used to be listed in the category of neurosis, but it is not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder or anxiety disorder; it is not fully self-aware, but may only be present when it does not occur. In the 1980s, the United States took the lead in eliminating this diagnostic name and classified various disorders as acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and multiple personality disorders. Domestic opinions have not yet been unified. In any case, in recent years, hysteria has been rare, the cause is unknown; this diagnosis, too, has rarely been applied.