Chronic hepatitis B is highly prevalent, harmful and tricky to treat, and is of great concern to doctors and patients. So, can chronic hepatitis B be completely cured? The key to treating hepatitis B is anti-viral, but without anti-viral, just protecting the liver and lowering enzymes will not solve any problems in the end. The goal of chronic hepatitis B treatment is divided into 3 levels, the first is the ideal goal – “gold”, that is, to achieve surface antigen seroconversion (surface antigen to negative, surface antibodies appear); the second is the goal of satisfaction – – “silver”, that is, to achieve the goal of “silver”. -Silver”, that is, to achieve e antigen seroconversion, commonly known as “big three yang” to “small three yang”; the third is the basic goal –Bronze”, i.e., to suppress hepatitis B virus replication and maintain viral DNA levels below the detection limit. A person with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs is considered to be “hepatitis B remission (RHB)”, or “cured”. This is the most desirable treatment outcome. However, this gold medal is very difficult to extract and is difficult to achieve in most cases, but is only one of the treatment goals and should not be pursued blindly. It should also be noted that HBV DNA can still be detected in the serum of a few of these patients, but at very low and intermittent levels, showing an “occult” character. For most patients with chronic hepatitis B, a more satisfactory and achievable goal is to achieve HBeAg/anti-HBe serologic conversion. The most basic and realistic goal is the absence of HBV DNA detection, normal ALT levels, and recovery of liver inflammation, which can be achieved with current antiviral therapy. It is easy to see that the three different levels of goals have different levels of difficulty in achieving and each has certain limitations. That is: the basic and realistic goals are not satisfactory (especially easy to relapse); the satisfactory treatment endpoints are not yet ideal (HBeAg seroconversion may be followed by reversion and viral mutation to HBeAg-negative slow hepatitis B); and the ideal treatment endpoints are not very realistic (the number of patients who can achieve HBsAg disappearance and conversion is after all a minority). However, the progress of hepatitis B treatment is still remarkable, the basic goals are easy to achieve, the satisfactory goals can be achieved, and as long as the above goals are achieved the disease progression can be stopped and improved step by step, even fibrosis can be reversed, and hepatitis B becomes a manageable disease. It is worth mentioning that in recent years, the medical community has seen the dawn of “gold” in the world, and the success rate of hepatitis B surface antigen conversion and achieving the desired treatment endpoint has increased compared to the past. At all times, we must not forget that the fundamental purpose of antiviral treatment for hepatitis B is, in the end, to prevent cirrhosis and liver cancer, and to stop the process of “hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer” at its source. Clinical observation shows that if you adhere to the antiviral treatment and maintain the serum virus below the detection limit for a long time, the possibility of disease progression is very small, and the incidence of cirrhosis and liver cancer is significantly reduced. As long as antiviral therapy is properly administered, the gains always outweigh the losses and benefits, no matter which level of treatment endpoint is reached. Of course, such a goal cannot be achieved in six months, one year or two years, but is a relatively long-term process, as the so-called “long-term treatment”. It is important to realize that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is very difficult to be completely eliminated, and the long-term kinetics of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy leads to the conclusion that long-term therapy is the only correct choice. Currently, international studies are beginning to shift from alternative endpoints (e.g., viral suppression, HBeAg seroconversion, etc.) to treatment outcome (hard) endpoints (e.g., liver cancer incidence, death). The overall goal of our 12th Five-Year Plan project “New clinical treatment options for chronic hepatitis B” is to reduce the incidence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end-stage liver disease and death rates.