Rifampin ophthalmic solution is a common ophthalmic drug that can effectively treat trachoma, conjunctivitis, keratitis and other diseases, especially for trachoma. Rifampicin is a fat-soluble antibiotic, a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum bactericide that binds firmly to the β-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymutase, inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis, prevents the enzyme from joining with DNA, and thus blocks the RNA transcription process, which can effectively kill sensitive bacteria. Adverse reactions such as chills, dyspnea, dizziness, fever and headache may occur after the use of rifampicin ophthalmic solution, at which point the medication needs to be discontinued. Rifampicin should be used with caution in children under five years of age as it has not been studied in pediatric applications under five years of age.