Herpes zoster is a contagious disease caused by infection with the varicella-zoster virus, which can be transmitted through the respiratory route or by direct contact. However, it is generally believed that herpes zoster is not an external infection, but rather a disease caused by reactivation of the virus that is latent in the body. After the initial infection with the varicella-zoster virus, which is mainly manifested as chickenpox in children and adolescents, the virus can be latent in the body of some patients and can be activated to replicate when the body’s immunity decreases, especially in adulthood when the underlying disease develops, causing herpes zoster to invade the ganglia. Herpes zoster is recurrent after recovery and is characterized clinically by a certain neurophilic nature, with the main feature being the pain in the band corresponding to the unilateral cutaneous ganglion of the body. Early detection, timely antiviral treatment, pain relief and prevention of secondary infections are the mainstays of most cases, and the prognosis is good.