A positive IgG antibody to rubella virus usually indicates a previous infection with rubella virus or a rubella virus vaccination. Rubella virus can be found in the respiratory secretions of patients and is spread through coughing, sneezing or direct contact. Droplets with the virus are inhaled by susceptible individuals and can lead to infection. Patients may experience fever, headache, sore throat, cough, lack of appetite and fatigue, as well as swollen lymph nodes and pressure pain behind the ear, occipital area and neck. Rubella virus infection in pregnant women in early pregnancy can infect the fetus through the placenta. Rubella virus infection is a self-limiting disease and can be treated without special treatment in patients with mild symptoms; in severe cases, adrenal corticosteroids may be used as appropriate. Patients with combined encephalitis need to be dehydrated with mannitol to relieve cerebral edema, and most patients have a better prognosis after active treatment. In addition, because rubella can be transmitted to others through the respiratory tract, patients are advised to be isolated at home or hospitalized and to keep the indoor air fresh by regularly opening windows for ventilation. Caregivers are advised to wear masks and wash their hands regularly to enhance protection.