Laparotomy can be performed for definitive diagnosis and also for treatment by puncture, and is suitable for patients with a large amount of ascites. The amount of the first aspiration should not exceed 1000 mL, especially in patients with chronic viral hepatitis with late onset cirrhosis, complicated by a large amount of ascites. There are also patients with malignant tumors of the liver, who are also prone to large amounts of peritoneal fluid in the late stages. Excessive fluid drainage tends to cause serious complications and induce the development of hepatic encephalopathy. The decrease in abdominal pressure also tends to induce disturbances in the internal environment or lead to an increase in respiratory distress. Therefore, the first fluid drainage should be strictly controlled, and routine laboratory tests, including routine, biochemical, and bacterial smear and culture tests, should be performed after the fluid drainage, and attention should also be paid to monitoring the changes of the internal environment index. Because the process of abdominal puncture is also prone to some complications, the common ones are local soft tissue effusion or cellulitis.