The FDA classifies the side effects of drugs in pregnant women into the following classes.
Grade A (pregnancy A): controlled studies have failed to detect a problem in the first trimester.
B grade (pregnancy B): no problems were found in animal tests, but data from human studies are still lacking; or although there were positive findings in animal tests, no adverse effects on the fetus were found in human studies.
C grade (pregnancy C): teratogenic effect on animals, but sufficient human studies are lacking, or sufficient research data on humans and animals are lacking.
D grade (pregnancy D): Definitely unfavorable to the fetus, but must be used for certain critical situations in pregnant women.
X-grade (pregnancy X): proven in both animal and human studies to be detrimental to the mother and fetus or to do more harm than good.
The above classification refers only to the side effects of a drug for most pregnant women and does not exclude individual differences. At the same time, since some drugs may have late onset adverse reactions to the fetus, the information on drugs with a longer history of use is more mature and reliable than that on newer drugs.
The use of commonly used psychotropic drugs for pregnant women is listed in the above-mentioned classes as follows.
I. Anti-psychotic drugs
1, phenothiazines: pregnancy C grade. Including chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, methiodiazine, etc. There is insufficient information on other drugs.
2. Thiazides: Insufficient information on the classification. Including Teldene, chlorothiazide, etc.
3.Butylphenols: Haloperidol is a pregnancy C grade.
4.Risperidone (Vistone): Pregnancy C file.
5.Olanzapine (Repro), Quetiapine (Seroquel, Qivi) are pregnancy C grade, must be used when the benefits outweigh the disadvantages.
6.Sulpiride: It has been used for antiemetic in pregnant women and has not been reported to be teratogenic, but there is insufficient information on the classification.
7.Clozapine: Pregnancy B grade. There are more studies on the effects of this drug on pregnant women. Clozapine drug instructions do not recommend the use of this drug in pregnant women.
Antidepressants
1, tricyclic: Amitriptyline, pregnancy D; chlorpromazine, Doxepin are pregnancy C.
2, tetracyclic: Maprotiline for pregnancy B.
3, SSRIs: Citalopram (Xipomol), fluvoxamine (Lanxel) for pregnancy C, fluoxetine (Bacitracin, Uco, etc.), paroxetine (Sertraline), sertraline are pregnancy B.
4, Mirtazapine (Remeron): pregnancy C, but human studies are still small.
5, Trazodone (Meperidine): pregnancy C.
6.Mianserin: pregnancy C.
7.MAOI drugs: pregnancy C.
Third, anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics
1, benzodiazepines (Valium class): alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (lorazepam) are pregnancy D, clonidine for pregnancy C.
2.Butrocyclone: pregnancy B.
3.Synthroid (zolpidem): pregnancy B.
4, beta-blockers: pregnancy C.
IV. Anticonvulsants
1.Carbamazepine: pregnancy C.
2, sodium valproate (valproate): pregnancy D.
3, phenytoin: pregnancy D.
4.Phenobarbital: pregnancy D.
5.Lamotrigine: pregnancy C.
6, gabapentin: pregnancy C.
V. Lithium salts (lithium carbonate) pregnancy D.
Six, puzzle drugs
1.Donepezil: pregnancy C.
2.Esnergy: pregnancy C.
3. Galantamine: animal use has been shown to cause mild fetal and neonatal dysplasia.
Finally, it should be reminded that those psychotropic drugs not listed above are not meant to be safe.