Bronchoscopic forceps puncture to extract tissues belongs to the common invasive examination in respiratory department, some injuries may occur during and after the examination, but under the standardized operation of professional physicians, the occurrence of complications can be greatly reduced. During bronchoscopy, biopsy forceps can be applied to take biopsy specimens for pathological, immunohistochemical and even molecular biological examinations to help make a correct diagnosis. Its complications are mainly pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage. Pneumothorax mostly occurs in diffuse lesions, which is caused by penetration of the pleura during biopsy, but it can be effectively prevented by strict mastery of the indications and prudent intraoperative operation. Blood oozing or small amount of bleeding from the trauma after lung biopsy is common, no treatment is needed, and it can be stopped by itself. Tracheoscopic forceps puncture to extract tissue requires active cooperation with the physician to minimize the potential hazards and risks associated with the puncture procedure.