Prostate cancer (Pca) is a common malignancy in Europe and the United States. In the United States, the incidence of prostate cancer is the first malignant tumor in men and the mortality rate is the second. In China, the incidence of prostate cancer is at a low level in the world. However, in recent years, with the aging of the society and changes in diet structure and living habits, the incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are on the rise. How to prevent and reduce the occurrence of prostate cancer? Prostate cancer incidence factors 1, race: Pca incidence rate is 1-2/100,000 men at the age of 40; at the age of 80, it is 1200/100,000 men for whites and 1500/100,000 for blacks, and the number of blacks who die from Pca is twice as high as that of whites. 2, sexual activity: the prostate is androgen-dependent, it has a close relationship with the growth and development of the prostate. pca in those with high sexual activity > control group. 3, food: high fat food is a risk factor for the occurrence of Pca, but in fish and dairy products fat affects less than meat. It is believed that vitamin A, especially retinol, can increase the incidence of Pca, on the contrary, vitamin E can have a cancer prevention effect, as for vitamin D may have a promotional effect on Pca. 4, Pca and BPH: Because the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ, BPH is associated with occasional cancer about 8-22%, although early Pca shows an androgen-dependent relationship, indicating that BPH and Pca are both older men and related to androgenic changes, but the exact mechanism needs to be elucidated. 5.Vasectomy: Some believe that the incidence of Pca is higher in those with vasectomy. 6, genetic: Pca genetic predisposition is obvious, with a family history of high incidence, and prone to early onset, at about 50 years of age. The risk of Pca is also higher in men with BRCAI; among Pca relatives, women are more likely to develop breast cancer. At present, it is found that the familial Pca mutation in the long arm of chromosome 1 (1q24-25) reaches 30-40%, indicating the relationship between genetic susceptibility and Pca. Current applied molecular biology studies have shown that the occurrence of carcinomas and the activation of pro-oncogenes and loss of function of oncogenes may promote the occurrence of carcinomas. Currently, many gene mutations and inactivations in Pca occurrence become pathogenic factors in the formation of carcinomas. For example, the P53 gene is an oncogene that can cause cancer if mutations are produced; the same is true for the RB gene. The oncogenes Ras, C-erbB2, and C-net genes are related to the occurrence and development of Pca. There is no specific gene in the process of Pca production, but the imbalance between the regulation of oncogenes and oncogenes can only be a condition for carcinogenesis, and there must be organ-specific triggers, and in terms of genetic research, tumorigenesis is often the result of multiple genetic alterations. For example, the introduction of wild-type P53 gene or antisense gene fragment of C-erbB2 gene into prostate cells can inhibit the occurrence of Pca and reduce its malignancy. In addition, it was found that the variation of chromosome as a gene carrier is important in the occurrence of cancer. The loss of alleles of chromosome 8q, 10q and 16q is more common in Pca, such as the loss of cell adhesion factor (e-cadhein) located in chromosome 16q can increase the infiltration of cancer cells, which is more common in Pca metastasis cases. Growth factors: Testosterone androgens have a key role in the regulation of prostate growth, development, maintenance of structure and function, but it is not a direct role, but through a variety of peptide growth factors to achieve, because of the imbalance in the regulation of growth factors, causing prostate cell proliferation and differentiation, and promote the occurrence of cancer. The growth factors isolated from the prostate are of many types, and are summarized as pro-growth and growth-inhibiting factors. In normal conditions, these two types of factors are in relative balance to maintain normal growth and function of the prostate; this process is achieved through the action of thymic hormones to produce peptide growth factors in the stroma, but an imbalance in this regulation can lead to cell proliferation, malignancy and carcinogenesis. Peptide growth factors and their receptors are associated with several oncogene proteins in cellular tumor transformation, cellular proto-oncogene activation is an important step in carcinogenesis, and as gene products growth factors and their receptors are closely related in the cell proliferation carcinogenesis process. There are many growth factors associated with the development of Pca, the more important ones are EGF, FGF, IGF, TGFβ1 and KGF. Therefore, the process of Pca formation is not only dependent on the intrinsic genetic alterations of cancer cells, but also closely related to the microenvironment of the host organ such as the intrinsic link between prostate stroma and epithelial cells. Since the process of Pca formation is a result of complex factors, the pattern of changes cannot be completely elucidated at present, and the above is only to provide a research view on prostate cancer.