The tonsils are an active immune organ during childhood, containing lymphocytes at all stages of development, which have both a humoral immune role, producing immunoglobulins, and some cellular immune role. It plays a more important defense role than in adulthood. However, the main cause of childhood obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome is tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy. Domestic and international studies have confirmed that OSA HS in children seriously affects the growth and development of children, and can cause impaired recognition and behavior in children. Therefore, removal of hypertrophied tonsils is a routine and effective treatment, but whether it causes impaired immune function development in children is still controversial. Most of the current studies are mostly conducted on children over 5 years of age, and by testing immune indications such as serum immunoglobulins before, 1 month and 3 months after surgery in children, it was found that immune function decreased in the short term (within 1 month) and had recovered by 3 months after surgery. In a 20-year study abroad, it was found that tonsillectomy in childhood did not affect the development of immune function in children, so it is now considered a safe procedure for children with indications to have their tonsils removed with no significant effect on future development.