Pleural mesothelioma is a primary tumor of the pleura, a tumor originating from four parts of the pleura: the visceral layer, the mural layer, the mediastinum or the diaphragm. The incidence rate is higher in foreign countries than in China, 0.07-0.11% and 0.04% respectively. The mortality rate accounts for less than 1% of all tumors in the world. In recent years, there is a significant increasing trend. There are limited type (mostly benign) and diffuse type (all malignant). Among them, diffuse malignant mesothelioma is one of the tumors with the worst prognosis in the chest. Most patients are between 40-70 years old, and there are more men than women. The first symptoms are chest pain, cough and shortness of breath as the most common. Fever, sweating or arthralgia may also be the main complaints. About half of the patients have massive pleural effusion with severe shortness of breath. Chest pain is often more severe in those without massive pleural fluid, and weight loss is common. Plain X-ray chest radiographs reveal pleural cavity effusion, while the lung is wrapped by tumor tissue, etc. Advanced cases may have enlarged cardiac shadow and soft tissue shadow and rib destruction caused by pericardial exudate. For patients with suspected malignant pleural mesothelioma, CT examination is most useful. Cytologic examination of pleural fluid is also useful for diagnosis. In routine laboratory tests, some patients may have thrombocytosis and elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen. For those who cannot be diagnosed clearly by routine examination, pleural biopsy can be done by thoracoscopy. Generally, most patients can get the diagnosis as a result. Treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma There is still no effective curative method. Treatment methods include palliative treatment, surgical treatment, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, etc. It is generally believed that for stage I patients with relatively limited tumors, radical pleuropneumonectomy is advocated. For stage II, III and IV patients, radical surgery is no longer meaningful and only palliative surgery can be performed. In fact, most patients are already in stage II or higher by the time the disease is definitively diagnosed. The rapidly growing pleural fluid often leads to severe respiratory distress, so palliative surgery is of great importance to improve the quality of life of these advanced patients. Previous methods such as intrapleural injection of chemotherapeutic agents to reduce the pleural fluid or induce pleural adhesions to occlude it are often ineffective. The use of thoracoscopic pleural fixation has achieved good results in the palliative treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Thoracoscopic surgery can completely aspirate the pleural fluid and fully separate the adhesions to reopen the lungs, and then spray in sterile talcum powder for pleural fixation to control the production of pleural fluid and relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with advanced cancer.