Surgery is a big deal for anyone. The success of the surgery does not only depend on the skill of the surgeon, but also to a large extent on the close cooperation of the patient. This is especially true for urethral stricture patients. An analogy can be made, if the human body is compared to a car, then we suffer from the disease is equivalent to a car somewhere in the car malfunction, the doctor’s surgery is the process of lifting the malfunction, and the correct preoperative examination and preparation is equivalent to the analysis of the use of automobiles, so as to facilitate the correct maintenance of the car. 1, preoperative examination preoperative examination to understand the urethral stenosis of the site, number, degree, length, scar tissue around the stenosis and whether there are comorbidities. General examination: detailed medical history, previous surgical history and reasons for surgical failure, urethral palpation, urine culture + drug sensitivity test, if necessary, feasible urethral probe examination. Special examination: imaging examination including cystourethrography (necessary), CT three-dimensional reconstruction and urethral magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, if necessary, flexible cystoscopy or urethroscopy, in addition to urodynamics can be used to evaluate the degree of urethral stenosis and postoperative efficacy. 2, preoperative preparation: urethral stenosis is generally acute with urinary obstruction and urinary difficulties first urinary diversion (commonly suprapubic cystostomy), urethral vacant for 3-4 months to be inflammation and edema subside after surgical treatment, preoperative examination (cystourethrocystography, etc.) clear urethral stenosis and surgical selection, urine routine and mid-stage urine culture, the use of sensitive antibiotics to ensure that the need for surgical parts of the urethra no The use of sensitive antibiotics ensures that the urinary tract at the site of surgery is free of bacterial infection. Preoperative assessment of the surgical path, especially the perineum, lower abdomen and scrotum for any abnormalities. 3.Actively treat urethra and periurethral infections Urethral stenosis results in rough and uneven urethral mucosa, poor urination, creating favorable conditions for urethral infections. High-pressure urination can make the bacteria in the urethral cavity into the urethral peripheral tissues, causing urethral peripheral infections. Urethral and periurethral infection is the most important cause of surgical failure. Therefore, special attention should be paid to its pre-surgical treatment, in addition to the active and rational use of antibacterial drugs, one of the following conditions should be preceded by suprapubic cystostomy, and after the infection is adequately controlled, then the surgical treatment of urethral stricture should be carried out: 1) acute or subacute periurethritis or pyelonephritis; 2) pus and blood-like secretion from the urethra, with obvious pressure and pain, and difficulty in urination; 3) repeated episodes of acute pyelonephritis, acute prostatitis, orchitis or epididymitis; 4) concomitant bladder stones, diverticulum, infection; 5) concomitant urethro-rectal fistula or urethro-cutaneous fistula; 6) retro-pubic infection, residual abscess, osteomyelitis of pubic bone. The purpose of suprapubic cystostomy is to make the urine above the stricture no longer pass through the infected urethra, and to make the urine drainage smooth, so that the local inflammation gradually dissipate, usually takes 3 months. During the cystostomy, the care of the suprapubic cystostomy should be strengthened. 4, urethral stenosis surgery time: ball urethral stenosis: 3 months after the injury, no urethral dilatation operation in the last 1 month. Membranous urethral stricture: 6 months after injury, no urethral dilatation operation in the last 1 month. Bleeding urethral dilatation, re-injury of the urethral mucosa, and repeated urethral dilatation bleeding aggravate local scarring. For patients with dilatation bleeding, it is recommended to leave the urinary catheter for 2 weeks time. In addition, forced dilatation is easy to form a pseudotunnel. Therefore, for urethral stenosis proposed for surgery, it is recommended that there should be no urethral dilatation operation in the last 1 month, and the time from the last operation or injury should be at least 3-6 months, and the timing of the operation should be selected according to the local conditions.