1.What is cataract?
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye from transparent to opaque, which prevents light from entering the eye and thus affects vision.
2.How many types of cataracts are there?
There are many types of cataracts, and the most common categories are: A, congenital cataract (mostly seen in children) B, traumatic cataract C, senile cataract D, concurrent cataract E, drug and toxic cataract. Geriatric cataract is the most prominent. The incidence of geriatric cataract is 60-70% in 50-60 years old, 80% in 70 years old or above, and almost 100% in 80 years old or above.
3.How do cataracts develop?
The causes of cataract are many, except for traumatic cataract, radioactive cataract, congenital cataract and diabetic cataract which have relatively obvious causes, the cataract formation process may have many factors and the situation is quite complicated. The pathogenesis of common senile cataracts has not been fully revealed so far, and may be related to ageing, long-term excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, genetic factors, malnutrition, etc.
4.How to detect cataract in early stage?
Generally, early cataract has no obvious symptoms, no pain and no redness, and mainly shows progressive vision loss, so if you find any vision loss, you should consult a doctor early to clarify the specific situation.
5. Is the black shadow floating in front of my eyes a cataract?
No, black shadows are a common symptom of vitreous turbidity.
6.What should I do if I have cataract?
In general, early medication can be used to slow down the development of cataract by using cataract drops. After the cataract matures or affects daily life, surgery is feasible.
7. When is the best time for cataract surgery?
In the past, due to the limitation of medical technology, cataracts had to wait until they were completely “mature” and the affected eye could not see before surgery. Nowadays, with the application and development of cataract ultrasound extraction + IOL implantation, patients do not need to wait until they are completely blind before having surgery. If the patient’s current life and work are uncomfortable due to the presence of cataract, surgery can be performed.
8. What examinations and preparations should be done before cataract surgery?
A. Examination includes eye and whole body. Eye examination includes visual acuity, intraocular pressure, light localization, red-green vision, A/B ultrasound, tear duct flushing, corneal curvature, and refractive power of IOL. The whole body examination includes blood, urine and stool routine, liver and kidney function, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood sugar, chest X-ray, and infectious disease detection.
B. Psychological tension should be eliminated before surgery. Prevent colds, take a bath the day before surgery, and take antibiotic eye drops before surgery. Ensure good rest and prevent dry stools to ensure smooth postoperative recovery.
9. What are the factors that affect the recovery of vision after IOL implantation ?
Posterior cataract (clouding of the posterior lens capsule), refractive error, fundus disease, optic nerve atrophy, etc.
10.Can cataract be prevented?
A. Avoid excessive visual fatigue, use your eyes to the extent that you do not feel fatigued, and pay attention to the correct posture, distance and adequacy of light sources. Try not to read and work in a dark environment for a long time.
B. Avoid long-term excessive exposure to radiation, avoid working and studying under strong sunlight, light or other radiation exposure, and wear tinted glasses when you are outdoors to prevent radiation from shining directly into your eyes.
C.Adhere to regular eye massage, you can do eye exercises, thus delaying the development of crystal clouding.
D. Nutritious and balanced diet: It is advisable to eat foods rich in protein, calcium and trace elements, and more foods containing vitamins A, B, C and D. Drink more water, eat less salt, and eat more fish in general.
E. Long-term smokers are prone to cataracts have been studied and confirmed by practice, so they should quit smoking early.