Renal cysts are a common benign disease of the kidney in adults and can be unilateral or bilateral, one or more. The incidence is increasing with age. Simple renal cysts are usually asymptomatic, and only when cyst compression causes vascular occlusion or urinary tract obstruction can the corresponding manifestations appear. The cause of renal cyst is unknown, and conservative treatment such as oral medication is not effective. Surgery can be considered when the cyst increases more than 4cm, with uncomfortable symptoms / malignant tumor cannot be excluded / high psychological pressure, or when the cyst exceeds 5cm. What will happen after the enlargement of kidney cyst? The conservative treatment of kidney cyst is ineffective, and as the cyst keeps increasing, it may cause uncomfortable symptoms and atrophy of kidney compression. For those who also have cysts in the contralateral kidney or have lesions in the contralateral kidney itself, early treatment is recommended so as to maximize the protection of the kidney function on the affected side. The following 2 types of mainstream surgery are currently available: 1) B-ultrasound guided percutaneous renal cyst puncture + sclerotherapy – minimally invasive Disadvantages: high recurrence rate, possible recurrence in a few months in the shortest case. Advantages: only local anesthesia is needed to perform the procedure, which is less invasive, less risky and less expensive. Prerequisites: suitable location of the cyst for puncture (with space for puncture) and no organs obscuring the puncture path. It is generally suitable for patients of advanced age, with contraindications to general anesthesia surgery, and in relatively poor physical condition. (2) Laparoscopic renal cyst windowing (or: decompression of the apex) – minimally invasive Disadvantages: requires general anesthesia, slightly longer operation time and more cost compared to the former. Advantages: low recurrence rate, good surgical results, and the ability to deal with all cysts visible in the field of view under direct vision, as well as the ability to send pathology for examination, which facilitates the identification of benign and malignant. Prerequisites: indication for laparoscopic renal cyst window surgery and ability to tolerate general anesthesia. Special reminder: the diagnosis of renal cyst needs to be clarified before deciding to operate to avoid mistaking renal calyx diverticulum or cystic kidney cancer as renal cyst windowing, which may cause unnecessary trouble. Of course, in terms of differential diagnosis, there is a certain complexity, and even with great caution, these diseases may not be completely excluded. The following are intraoperative photographs taken by my group during surgery