Since the beginning of spring this year, the incidence of measles in children in the city is three times higher than last year, and the incidence of measles in adults is also on the rise. So what is measles? What are the ways of transmission of measles? And how should I prevent it?
Many people believe that measles is a simple fever, rash, rest for a few days will recover, in fact, measles is very easy to cause many complications, such as pneumonia, laryngitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, etc., is one of the main causes of death in children. Since the beginning of spring this year, the incidence of measles in children in the city is three times that of last year, and the incidence of measles in adults is also on the rise. So what is measles? What are the ways of transmission of measles? And how should I prevent it?
What is measles?
Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus and is one of the most common infectious diseases among children, mostly seen in children between the ages of June and 5, with a high incidence in winter and spring.
What are the symptoms of measles?
Typical measles can be divided into four phases as follows.
1. the incubation period of about 6-18 days
2, the pre-tendency period, generally 3-4 days, manifested as fever, cough, runny, eye conjunctival congestion, photophobia, sore throat and peripheral weakness, the 2nd-3rd day after the disease, in the buccal mucosa corresponding to the second molar, visible at the diameter of about 1. 0mm gray-white dots, surrounded by a red halo, called measles mucosal spots, with diagnostic value. However, due to widespread vaccination against measles, some children with measles do not have measles mucosal spots.
3, the rash period: more than 3-4 days after the onset of fever rash, in the order of behind the ears, neck, trunk, extremities, hands and feet, spreading throughout the body.
4, the recovery period: 3-4 days after the rash, the rash in order to fade, the skin has bran flaking and light brown pigmentation.
What are the complications of measles?
Pneumonia, laryngitis, myocarditis, encephalitis can be complicated, and some severe measles can cause death.
What are the routes of transmission of measles?
Measles patients are the main source of infection and are contagious from the end of the incubation period to 5 days after the rash appears. They are more contagious when they cough, sneeze, or talk and infect susceptible people in the form of droplets.
How can I prevent measles?
The most durable and effective way to prevent measles is to receive measles vaccine to obtain protective antibodies, and the immunization procedure for measles vaccine in China is 8 full months of vaccination and replanting at age 7.
During the epidemic season, susceptible children should go to public places as little as possible and wear a mask when entering public places to reduce the chance of infection and transmission.
Open windows regularly to keep the air fresh and circulating; wash hands regularly; dry clothes and blankets regularly; and exercise to improve resistance to disease.
How long is the measles isolation period?
Children should be isolated until 5 days after the rash appears, or up to 10 days for combined pneumonia.
Do parents need measles vaccination?
In recent years, measles in adults is also on the rise and has more severe clinical symptoms and complications than measles in children, so adult measles should not be ignored.
Normally, people only get measles once in their lifetime, so if they have been infected and recovered from measles, they have antibodies and are relatively safe. People who have not had measles and have not received the measles vaccine within 10 years also need to be vaccinated.
Therefore, it is recommended that young parents who have not been infected with measles and adolescents who have passed the vaccination period be revaccinated against measles.
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