The current media portrays varicocele as a rather scary and serious condition, and strongly advocates “cutting it off”. In fact, not all patients with varicocele affect their fertility and require surgery. The key depends on the severity of the varicocele and the damage to the testicles. This can be reflected in the semen routine examined by the patient. If the semen quality is generally of medium to high level, the sperm density is in the normal range, only a slight decrease in activity rate or slightly less active, and the testicles are of normal size and volume (10-20 ml), and the testicular function is not greatly damaged, then the semen quality can be further improved through Chinese medicine treatment, and surgery is generally unnecessary. Clinically, sometimes the semen quality of the patients is not as good after the operation as before the operation, so it must be cautious for the patients with varicocele whether to operate or not. Where the testicular volume is reduced (below 10 ml), and the semen density and vitality are also bad, in the case that conservative treatment with Chinese medicine is ineffective for more than three months to six months, it indicates that the testicular function is obviously damaged, and the degree of varicocele belongs to severe, which seriously affects the semen quality, and should be treated with early surgery. However, open surgery is not a panacea. About 40% to 60% of patients will have improved semen quality, and nearly half of patients can obtain fertility after open surgery, but there are still some patients who have difficulty in improving. Of course the effect of open surgery varies from report to report. This is related to the type and level of incision, the patient’s physical condition and the original spermatogenic ability. So, in a sense, surgery is the last resort. Chinese medicine has achieved some clinical results in the infertility of men with varicocele by using the method of tonifying qi, invigorating blood, opening the veins, and promoting sperm production.